AP psych learning

Howard Gardner

Came up with theory of 8 intelligences
logical
linguistic
spatial
bodily
musical
interpersonal
intrapersonal

Heritability

proportion of variation among individuals in a group that we can attribute to genes. may vary, depending on the range of pop. and environments studied

Alfred Binet

Tested children to determine strengths and weaknesses. Found a mental age that showed the intellectual capabilities of children.

WeaknessTest relied heavily on language skills did not account for important aspects of intelligence

Lewis Turman

A American psychologist known for revamping the Binet-Simon intelligence test into the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales. He introduced the 'intelligence quotient' (IQ) concept and conducted longitudinal studies on gifted children, significantly impacting the field of educational psychology.

Normal Curve

Bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes . Most scores fall near the average, and fewer and scores lie near the extreme

David Wechsler

(WAIS) and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), which measures different aspects of intelligence including verbal and performance skills measure different aspects of intelligence including verbal and performance skills.

Achievement test

a test design to asses what a person has learned

Charles Spearman

A psychologist known for developing the concept of general intelligence, or 'g', which posits that a single underlying factor contributes to a person's cognitive abilities across different domains.

Longitudinal Study

research that follows and retests the same people over time

Standardization

defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested group

Fluid Intelligence

our ability to reason speedily and abstractly tends to decrease with age especially later

Crystalized Intelligence

our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; tends to increase with age and is typically measured through vocabulary tests and general knowledge assessments.

Stanford-Binet

Stanford-Binet widely used American revision of Binet’s original intelligence test

general intelligence

according to spearman and ither, underlies all mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on a intelligence test

Intelligence test

a method for assessing an individuals mental aptitudes and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores

Intelligence

ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to new situations

Validity

extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Stereotype Threat

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype about a group to which they belong.

Reliability

extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on a alternative forms of the test or on retesting

grit

passion and perseverance in the pursuit of long term goals

Factor analysis

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie a person’s total score

Cross-sectional study

research that compares people of different ages at the same point

Down Syndrome

a condition of mild to serve intellectual disability and associated physical disorders caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21

Intellectual Disability

a condition of limited mental ability indicated by an intelligencer test score of 70 or below and difficulty adapting to the demands of life

Aptitude Test

a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn

Content Validity

extent to which a test samples the behavior that it is of interest

Predictive Validity

Success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation b/t test scores and the criterion behavior

Savant Syndrome

A condition in which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has an exceptional specific skill such as in computation or drawing

emotional intelligence

ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Mental Age

a measure of intelligence test performance devised by Binet; the level of performance typically associated with children of a certain chronological age, A child who does as well as an average 8 yr old is said to have a mental age of a mental age of 8

Cohort

a group of people sharing a common characteristic, such as from a given time period

Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (WAIS)

a widely used intelligence test for adults and children, featuring verbal and performance subtests.

L.L Thurstone

Developed the theory of primary mental abilities, proposing multiple independent factors of intelligence instead of a singular general intelligence.

Robert Sternberg

Proposed a triarchic theory of intelligence including analytical, creative, and practical components.

Francis Galton

Pioneer of psychometrics and eugenics, known for studies on heredity and intelligence.

Intelligence Quotient

defined originally as the ratio of metal age (ma) to chronological age multiplied by 100. Average IQ is 100> IQ=MA/CA*100