On ramps stats exam 1

inference

The process of estimating an unknown population value

Numerical variables

• Discrete (intergers)

  number of siblings

• year of birth

• Continuous (decimals)

  height

  temperature

Categorical variables

• Nominal (no distinct order)

  gender

  attendance (present or absent)

  nationality

  two category (yes or no)

• Ordinal (obvious order)

  Likert scales (strongly disagree, disagree, neutral, agree, strongly agree)

  class in school (freshman, sophomore, junior, senior)

Population data

collection of all outcomes (total population)

Descriptive statistics

Summarizing and displaying data

Inferntial statistics

use a sample to make an inference about the population (well rash but educated guess)

Sampling error

every time there’s a new study the results are different

bias

off target from where the population bullseye is

Lurking variable

a relationship between variables but not the variable you wanted to study