DNA & Protein Synthesis

Central Dogma

________:: termed by Crick; theory stating that genetic info flows from DNA→ RNA → protein, or RNA directly to protein.

Semiconservative Replication

________:: when two copies of the original DNA molecule are produced, each copy contains one original strand and one newly- synthesized strand.

Primase

________ begins synthesis of RNA primers for the Okazaki fragments.

III

Leading strand is synthesized continuously in the 5→ 3 direction by DNA polymerase ________.

RNA

________:: single stranded, ribose sugar, U A G C nitrogenous bases, stores information for protein synthesis, read by ribosomes.

Hershey Chase

________ Experiment:: tagged proteins of viruses with radioactive sulfur and DNA with radioactive phosphorus to see which entered the cell; observed that bacteriophages infected their DNA into cells to make more copies.

TRNA

________:: carries amino acids to mRNA to form polypeptide.

MRNA

________:: carries genetic info of DNA from nucleus to cytoplasm for protein synthesis.

Bacteria

________ transformation:: gene transfer by which some ________ take up foreign genetic material from the environment.

RRNA

________:: makes up ribosome with other proteins.

DNA

________:: double stranded, made of chromosomes, deoxyribose sugar (5 carbon atoms), T A G C nitrogenous bases, stores genetic information.

Franklin

crystallized DNA and took pictures of it

Wilkins

Franklins colleague; shared the pictures with Watson & Crick without her permission

Watson & Crick

compared other scientists work on DNA, saw Franklins photographs, discovered double helix structure

Avery-MacLeod-McCarty Experiments

continued Griffiths experiments on transformation; removed aspects of virulent bacteria (proteins, RNA, or DNA) and exposed them to non-virulent strains; observed that without DNA, the non-virulent strains didnt transform

bacteria transformation

gene transfer by which some bacteria take up foreign genetic material from the environment

Hershey-Chase Experiment

tagged proteins of viruses with radioactive sulfur and DNA with radioactive phosphorus to see which entered the cell; observed that bacteriophages infected their DNA into cells to make more copies

DNA

double stranded, made of chromosomes, deoxyribose sugar (5 carbon atoms), T A G C nitrogenous bases, stores genetic information

RNA

single stranded, ribose sugar, U A G C nitrogenous bases, stores information for protein synthesis, read by ribosomes

mRNA

carries genetic info of DNA from nucleus to cytoplasm for protein synthesis

rRNA

makes up ribosome with other proteins

tRNA

carries amino acids to mRNA to form polypeptide

Central Dogma

termed by Crick; theory stating that genetic info flows from DNA→ RNA → protein, or RNA directly to protein

Semiconservative Replication

when two copies of the original DNA molecule are produced, each copy contains one original strand and one newly-synthesized strand