Chemistry | Unit 4 Practice Test | Atomic Theory & Electron Configuration

These flashcards cover key vocabulary related to atomic theory and electron configuration, essential for understanding chemistry concepts in Unit 4.

Quantum Model

A model of the atom that incorporates the principles of quantum mechanics, explaining the behavior of electrons in terms of probabilities rather than fixed orbits.

Orbital

A region in an atom where there is a high probability of finding electrons; differs from Bohr's orbits by not being fixed paths but rather areas in space.

Ground State

The lowest energy state of an electron in an atom, where it is closest to the nucleus.

Excited State

A higher energy state of an electron where it has absorbed energy and moved to a higher orbital.

Noble Gas Notation

A shorthand method of writing electron configurations by using the symbol of the nearest noble gas to represent core electrons.

Ionization Energy

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase.

Electronegativity

A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons.

Atomic Radius

The distance from the nucleus of an atom to the outermost shell of electrons; can vary among the elements.

Cation

A positively charged ion, formed by the loss of one or more electrons from a neutral atom.

Anion

A negatively charged ion, formed by the gain of one or more electrons by a neutral atom.