Gram Negative bacilli: Chapter 20

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa

• Common inhabitant of ___ + ___ + ___

• Resistant to ___, ___, quaternary ___disinfectants, ___, and drying

• Contaminant of ___, ___ solutions, and ___ equipment

• ___ pathogen

• causes of ___ infections in hosts with ___,neo ___ disease, ___ fibrosis (thick mucous lungs)

• secondary diseases are pne___, U___, A___, Ot___, ___ disease,endo __, men___, bronchopneumonia

• ___ odor + ___- ___ pigment ( ___)

• ___ resistant

• Common inhabitant of soil + water + intestinal

• Resistant to soaps, dyes, quaternary ammonium disinfectants, drugs, and drying

• Contaminant of ventilators, IV solutions, and anesthesia equipment 

• Opportunistic pathogen

• causes of nosocomial infections in hosts with burns, neoplastic disease, cystic fibrosis (thick mucous lungs)

• secondary diseases are pneumonia, UTI, abscesses, otitis, corneal disease, endocarditis, meningitis, bronchopneumonia

• Grapelike odor + greenish-blue pigment (pyocyanin)

• multidrug resistant

Be familiar with Bordetella pertussis (pathogen profile#2 pg. 649)

• minute, en___, ___bacillus

• causes ___ aka ___ cough spread amongst ___

• acute ___syndrome

• severe + life-threatening in ___

• transmission by ___ contact OR inhalation of ___

• Virluence factors

  • receptors recognize + bind to ___respiratory ___ cells

  • ___ that destroy + dislodge ___cells > leads to buildup of ___ + blockage of ___

• Vaccine: ___ (____ vaccine with toxoid + other antigen)

• minute, encapsulated coccobacillus

• causes pertussis aka whopping cough spread person to person contact amongst children

• acute respiratory syndrome

• severe + life-threatening in babies

• transmission by direct contact OR inhalation of aerosols

• Virluence factors

  • receptors recognize + bind to ciliated respiratory epithelial cells

  • toxins that destroy + dislodge ciliated cells > leads to buildup of mucus + blockage of airways

• Vaccine: DTaP (accellular vaccine with toxoid + other antigen)

Be VERY familiar with Escherichia coli (pathogen profile#4 pg. 656)

• ___ (oxygen)+ non-___ bacterium in the ___

• causes ___and Travelers ____ and nosocomial pneumonia, septicemia

• transmitted by ___

• ___ antimicrobials are effective ___ phase

• greatest ___ in babies is caused by infantile ___

• Kaolin or Imodium for symptom ___+ slow ___ motility

• ___ ___ aka Bismuth Salicylate mixture > counteracts ___ + ___ effect

• aerobic + non-fastidious bacterium in the gut

• causes UTI and Travelers Diaherea

• transmitted by humans

• oral antimicrobials are effective early phase

• greatest mortality in babies is caused by infantile diarrhea

• Kaolin or Imodium for symptom relief + slow gut motility

• Pepto Bismol aka Bismuth Salicylate mixture > counteracts enterotoxin + antimicrobial effect

• Be familiar with the virulence factors of H, K and O. What bacteria have these, and what do they stand for?

• E. coli has what?

• Klebsiella pneumoniae has what

• all Enterbacter species

• proteus species

• Pseudomonas auerginos

H- flagellar antigen

K- the capsule and/or fimbrial antigen

O- the somatic or cell wall antigen / LPS

• E. coli has H K O

• Klebsiella pneumoniae has K O

• all Enterbacter species H K O

• Proteus species HKO

• Pseudomonas auerginos HO

what does O157:H7 stand for

Somatic (O) type 157

flagellar (H) type 7

• Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC): ___syndrome and ___ damage

• Infections from fast-food ____ > reservoirs in the cattle___

• virulence

  • cell well ___that fuses with the host cell___, creating portal of ___ for endotoxins

  • toxin enters ___ cell> bind ___ > distrpts ___ synthesis > ___and shedding of ___ cells

• Enterohemorrhagic E. Coli (EHEC): Hemorrhagic syndrome and kidney damage

• Infections from fast-food hamburgers > reservoirs in the cattle intestine

• virulence

  • cell wall receptor that fuses withthe host cell membrane, creatinga portal of entry toxins produced by bacteria

  • toxin enters host cell > bind ribosomes > distrpts protein synthesis > death + shedding of intestinal cells

strain of e.coli

• Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC): Has __(structure), severe __ due to heat-__ toxin and heat-__ toxin > ____ and ___ loss

• this is also known as watery ____ diarrhea

• Enterotoxigenic E. Coli (ETEC): Has fimbriae, severe diarrhea due to heat-labile toxin and heat-stable toxin > secretion and fluid loss

• this is also known as Watery traveler's diarrhea

Be familiar with the genus of bacteria Salmonella

• well-developed___ factors

• primary___Pathogen

• not normal ___ ___

• effects ___ specifically ___ intestines and causes___

• ___ negative

• causes___fever in Salmonella Typhi

• Consume ___ or ___ contaminated with ___

• found in ____

• well-developed virulence factors

• primary enteric pathogens

• not normal human flora

• effects gastrointestinal specifically small intestine and causes diarrhea

• oxidase negative

• cause typhoid fever in Salmonella Typhi

• Consume food or water contaminated with feces

• found in chickens

Salmonella bongori

found in ___-____ animals > ____

cold-blooded animals > turtles

S. enterica

divided into 6 subspecies

• ent___

  • A Gram-___, ___-shaped bacterium.

  • Belongs to the genus ___.

  • Found in the ___ of animals and humans.

  • Can contaminate ___, ___, and ___.

• sal___

• ariz___

• di___

• houn___

• in___

• enterica

  • A Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium.

  • Belongs to the genus Salmonella.

  • Found in the intestines of animals and humans.

  • Can contaminate food, water, and surfaces.

• salamae

• arizonae

• diarizona

• hountenae

• indica

Be familiar with Yersinia pestis (pathogen profile #7 pg.665)

• non-__bacteria

• __ + __ shape

• gram-__

• unusual bipolar __

• virluence factors

  • __ and __ protect against __ and foster __ growth

  • __ positive

  • releases __

  • __ toxin

• non-enteric bacteria

• tiny + Rod shape

• gram-negative

• unusual bipolar staining

• virluence factors

  • capsular + envelope proteins protect against phagocytosis and foster intracellular growth

  • coagulase

  • endotoxin

  • murine toxin

sylvatic plague

• Humans develop plague through contact with ___animals, primarily ___ > transfered by ___

urban plague

• When disease spreads from __ animals > to __ areas (including __ animals) > and is then further spread by those __ animals and __ to humans

found in mammals (___), does not cause disease

flea vectors - bacteira ___ in gut, ___ causes blood ___ that blocks the___, fleas become ___

sylvatic plague

• Humans develop plague through contact with wild animals, primarily rodents > transferred by fleas

urban plague

• When disease spreads from wild animals > to urban areas including domestic animals > and is then further spread by those domestic animals and fleas to humans

found in mammals (rodents), does not cause disease

flea vectors > bacteria replicates in gut > coagluase causes blood clotting that blocks the esophagus > fleas become ravenous

bubonic plague

____ multiples in ____ bites, enters ____ system causes ____ (death of cells + body tissues) and swelling of ____ nodes (called a ____) > that’s why its called bubonic

• the carriers in bay area are ___

bubonic plague - bacillus multiples in flea bites, enters lymph system causes necrosis (death of cells + body tissues) and swelling of lymph nodes (called a bubo) > that’s why its called bubonic

• the carriers in bay area are bats