Studied by 19 people
Development Psychology
study how people change, physically, mentally, and socially throughout the life span
23 chromosomes
each parent contributed 23 chromosomes (you have 46 chromosomes /23 pairs, each parent gives you 23 chromosomes)
Male has an ___ combination in the 23rd pair of chromosomes
XY
Female has an ___ combination in the 23rd pair chromosomes
XX
Zygote
each person begins life as a single cell, at the moment of conception
Most weaken or disappear by 6 months of age. They've replaced by...
voluntary behaviors
What are these examples of?
sucking reflex
grasping reflex
rooting reflex
Moro reflex
reflexes of newborns
Birth
at birth, an infant can distinguish between his mother's voice and another woman
Psychologists describe an infant's inborn predisposition to behave and react in a particular way as...
temperant
Attachment
describe and measure the emotional bond between the infant and caregiver
Sleeping arrangements
survey of family sleep arrangements in more than 100 cultures around the world revealed the infants customarily slept in the same room or bed as their mothers in the vast majority of cultures, but not in the United States
Schema
a concept or mental representation that guides the way a person makes sense of new info
3 basic parenting styles by psychologists Diana Baumrind are:
Authoritarian
Authoritative
Permissive
Which style of parenting is most likely to be associated with children who are well adjusted?
Authoritative
Adolscence
the stage that marks the transition between childhood and adulthood
Puberty
a stage where an individual reaches sexual maturity and becomes physiologically capable of sexual reproduction
Conflicts between parents and their adolescent children focus on issues of...
control and authority
Kohlberg's three levels of moral reasoning:
Preconventional
Conventional
Postconventional
According to Erik Erikson, the two fundamental themes that dominate adult development are...
love and work
Menopause
the end of menstruation in women, marking the end of reproductive capacity
Researchers has shown that people are most likely to marry someone who is...
Physically attractiveness
Status
Ethnicity
Beliefs
Values
Does the satisfaction with martial relationship will generally decrease OR increase after the life the birth of a child?
decrease
Death anxiety typically peaks prior to...
older adulthood
People reach their intellectual peak their...
forties
Majority of adults aged _______ in U.S. are ____, ____, and ________
65 and older healthy, active, and self-sufficient
In the past 10 years, the percentage of people who lived in a nursing home...
decreased for all age groups
Sex
biological categories of "male" and "female"
primary sex characteristic
sexual organs that are directly involved in reproduction, such as uterus, ovaries, penis, and testicles
Gender
refers to cultural, social, and psychological meanings that are associated with masculinity and femininity
gender roles
the behaviors, attitudes, and personality traits that are designated as being masculine or feminine in a given culture
gender identity
a person's psychological sense of being either male or female is referred to as his or her gender identity
adolescent growth
the period of accelerated growth during puberty, involving rapid increases in height and weight
In both men and women, sexual activity and motivation is biologically influenced by bodily levels of...
testerone
Orgasm
shortest stage of the human sexual response
sexual orientation
describes whether an individual's sexual and emotional attraction is directed toward members of the same sex, of the opposite sex, or both sexes
heterosexual
sexually attracted to individuals of the other sex
homosexual
attracted to individuals of the same sex
cisgender
gender and sex match
transgender
gender and sex do not match
the most common sexual problems for women are...
low sexual desire and arousal problems
the most common thing among young women and older men
sexual dysfunctions
stress
an unpleasant physical or psychological reaction to circumstances you perceive as challenging
stressor
any event or change in one's life that causes stress
fight or flight
an automatic response to a perceived threat that prepares us to attack or run away from the threat
disruptions of sleep due to stress are...
hazardous to health
the holmes and rahe scales have been used to predict vulnerability to physical illness and psychological disorder due to different stressors that are...
negative and positive changes in life
conflict
a situation in which a person feels pulled between two or more opposing desires, motives, or goals
According to Friedman and Rosenman, _________ is a behavioral and emotional style characterized by a sense of time urgency, hostility, and competitiveness
Type A behavior pattern
Hostility
the component of the type A behavior pattern that predicts the development of coronary heart disease
coping
refers to the efforts to reduce or manage the experience of stress
Tend and Befriend
according to Shelley Taylor, response of stress that is possibly more characteristics of females
social support
the resources provided by other people in times of need, including emotional tangible, and information support
As compared to men, women are more likely to ______________ under stressful circumstances
seek out social support
Regular aerobic exercise appears to be helpful in...
stress management
one of the ways to promote wellness in one's life is...
get enough sleep
support behavior typically perceived as most helpful by...
people under stress is being a good listener and showing concern and interest
social psychology
the branch of psychology that studies how people think, feel, and behave in social situations
social norms
the "rules", or expectations for appropriate behavior in a particular social situations
attributions
an explanation of the cause of behavior
social categorization
the mental process of classifying people into groups on the basis of common characteristics
conformity
changes in individual's behavior to correspond to the behavior of group of other people
Soloman Asch
an American social psychologist who is best known for his pioneering studies of conformity
Obedience
changes in individual's behavior to comply with the demands of an authority figure
Stanley Milgram
a social psychologist best known for his controversial series of studies investigating obedience to an authority
the basic results of Milgram's original obedience study was that...
two-thirds of the subjects continued all the way to the full 450-volt level
Stereotypes
beliefs about a group's characteristics that are applied generally and often inaccurately to group members
One of the problems associated with stereotyped thinking is that once formed...
stereotypes are very hard to change
discrimination
action based on prejudice or stereotypes toward a social group
prejudice
a negative attitude toward people who belong in a specific group
the just-world hypothesis
the notion that the world is fair and that unfortunate events happen to those who deserve them
the bystander effect
the phenomenon in which the greater the number of people present means the less likely each individual is to help someone in distress
youthfulness
in heterosexual romantic relationships, men tend to seek women with youthfulness
altruism
helping another person with no exception of personal reward or benefit
prosocial behavior
only behavior that helps another person when the underlying motive is self-serving
the feel good, do good effect
when people feel good they are more likely to help others
kinship theory
in matters of life and death, we are more likely to help those with whom we share our genes
Philip Zimbardo's two-week mock prison experiment ended early because...
the subjects frightening behavior
researchers have conducted that sexual orientation is established as early as age 6 but once established...
sexual orientation is highly resistant to change
Girls tend to experience their first menstrual period at about the same age as their...
mothers
Note 
Flashcard (116)