People:

John Brown: A fanatic anti-slavery leader. Killed lots of pro-slavery people.

Preston Brooks: Andrew Butlers cousin, beat up Charles Sumner

Charles Sumner: Got beaten up by Preston Brooks for insulting his cousin

Andrew Butler: Preston Brooks cousin, U.S. Senator for South Carolina. Authored the Kansas- Nebraska act.

Harriet Beecher Stowe: Pointed out the contradictions between being a Christian and supporting slavery. Wrote Uncle Toms Cabin.

Lyman Beecher: Harriet Beecher Stowe Father, A famous Presbyterian minister during the Second Great Awakening

Dred Scott: An enslaved person

Abraham Lincoln: 16th president

Jefferson Finis Davis: President of the confederacy

William Boss Tweed:

Kansas-Nebraska Act:

• Formed the Republican Party

• Went against the Missouri Compromise

• Left the Free-State/Slave-State open to popular sovereignty

• People from both sides rushed into Kansas

Caning of Charles Sumner:

• Preston Brooks beat Charles Sumner with a cane for insulting his cousin(‘s mistress)

• The Norths reaction: Were horrified by the act

• The Souths reaction: Thought he was a hero and sent him canes with the phrase, “Hit him again”

• Along side, Bleeding Kansas, it foreshadowed that the slavery issue could only be resolved through violence.

Dred Scott v Sandford:

• Dred Scott sued for his freedom on the ground that he lived in a free territory.

• Ruling 1: Slaves were property so therefor they did not have the right to sue in court.

• Ruling 2: The Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional

Uncle Toms Cabin:

• Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe (She was upset at how slaves were treated)

• Tells the story of how badly enslaved people were treated

The Election of 1860

Campaigners and their parties:

• Abraham Lincoln - Winner! Republican

• Brekinridge - Southern Democrat

• Douglas - Northern Democrat

• Bell - Constitutional Union

• Lincoln wasn’t even put on the ballot in southern states

• Lincoln campaigned on the homestead act

• Advantages the North had in the civil war:

  • Industrialized economy, so better weapons

  • Money, and population

  • They felt like they had a moral cause

• Advantages to South had in the civil war

  • They had the defense

  • Better Military academies

  • There citizens was more prepared for war

Homestead Act:

• Provided 160 acres of federal land to anyone who agreed to farm the land.

• Led to western expansion

The Civil War:

• How it started:

  • The attack on Fort Sumter

• The Souths Strategy:

  • To rely on Britain to intervene

• The Norths Strategy:

  • The anaconda plan

• Total warfare - Everyone in society is contributing to the war in someway

• Sherman’s March to Sea - He marched through Georgia, and destroyed everything that they came across. They were committing war crimes.

Rich Man’s war, Poor man’s fight

Reconstruction:

• Lincoln plan before he got assassinated:

  • Reunify the country as quickly as possible

• Andrew Jackson’s plan:

  • Allowed the south to do whatever they wanted as long as it followed the 13th amendment

- Congress realized Jackson wasn’t doing anything so they stepped in.

Measures put in place by the Republican (majority) congress:

• Civil Rights Act - everyone born in the US is a citizen

• 14th amendment - Citizenship

• 15th amendment - Black men can vote and be in congress

• Reconstruction act - divided south into 5 military districts

William Boss Tweed