Chapter 3 Overview

Lesson 1: Roanoke/Jamestown

• England is overpopulated, very congested

• Queen Elizabeth I grants Walter Raleigh a charter

• Roanoke is created in North Carolina (Outer Banks)

1. 1585: 1st Roanoke

• 105 male/female settlers

• Alliance with natives

• Alliance falls apart creating a war

• Settlers return to England

2. 1587: 2nd Roanoke

• 150 settlers

• Leader is John White, who leaves to England

• Granddaughter is Virginia Dare

• Anglo-Spanish War occurs; English win

• Royal Navy defeats Spanish Armada

• 1590: John White returns

• No settlers, just “Crotoan” carved onto tree

• Queen Elizabeth I dies → King James I takes over

1. Jamestown in Virginia (swamp)

• 1607-1608: 75% of people die from malaria

• John Smith is new leader

• New rules, fortifications, crops

• Trade for food with Powhatan

• Pocahontas saves him 

• Alliance with Powhatan

• John Smith leaves to England

• War leaves Jamestown settlers trapped

• 1608-1610: Starving time, colonists eat dogs, horses, shoes

• 1610: John Rolfe comes with tobacco 

• Marries Pocahontas, creating peace

• Virginia Company sends women to encourage marriage/children

• 1622 Uprising: 

• 345 English settlers die; English win

• Jamestown grows and is called Virginia

• 1619: 1st Africans

• 1664: forever slavery laws

• Virginia Company allows election of Burgesses; limited gov/republic

• Only white, landowning males vote

• Makes slaves codes/laws

• Virginia is largest colony

_____________________________________________________________________

Lesson 2: New England Colonies

• English Reformation: creation of Anglican Church

• Leaves King in charge of rulemaking

• Separatists leave England

• Puritans purify the church

• Both groups are granted charters by King

• Virginia Company of Plymouth:

• 1620: Separatists/Pilgrims board the Mayflower

• Land in Massachusetts

• Town: Plymouth

• Leader: William Bradford

• Wampanoag/Pokanoket tribe

• Tribe leader: Chief Ossemaquin/Massasoit 

• Treaty: Squanto and Samoset live with Pilgrims

• Fur trade

• Immigration & population grows Plymouth colony

• Food: beans, corn, pumpkin

• Thanksgiving: eat fish/venison

• 1635-1636: Pequot War

• War of extermination; English win & take land

• New England Colonies: New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island

1. 1623: New Hampshire:

• John Mason & John Wheelwright found

• Fishing colony for cod

• Small with subsistent farming

• 1679: Charter

2. 1630: Massachusetts:

• Purtians found

• Leader: John Winthrop

• Boston is built

• Great Migration: 15,000 Puritans come & take land

• Strict and religious colony

• 1st public schools: bible-reading, paid by taxes

• 1636→1st college: Harvard for teachers, ministers

• Absorbs Plymouth

3. 1636: Connecticut:

• Leader: Thomas Hooker

• Hartford is founded

• Fundamental Orders of Connecticut = 1st constitution

• Further conflict

4. 1636: Rhode Island:

• Leader: Roger Williams

• Providence founded

• Religious toleration created →1st Jewish immigrants

• Natives respected

• Colonies grow fast

• Ocean-based economy: fish/whales, shipbuilding

• Triangular Trade →400,000+ slaves brought here

____________________________________________________________________

Lesson 3: Middle Colonies

• Middle Colonies: New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware

1. New Netherlands:

• Biggest city: New Amsterdam

• Port city + lots of fur →very wealthy

• 1664: Anglo-Dutch War

• Royal Navy used by English

• Governor Peter Stuyvesant surrenders to English

• New Netherlands belongs to English

• Dutch immigrants →Patroons; English citizenship

• Rights and voting to only men

• King gives colony to brother, Duke of York

• Duke of York makes 2 colonies: New York & New Jersey

• Fast growth

• Albany (Fort Orange) is capital on Hudson River

2. New Jersey:

• Separated: East & West

• Slow growth

• Farming colony: wheat & corn

• Livestock (cows): cheese, butter, cream

• Garden State

• 2 towns: Trenton, Princeton

3. 1682: Pennsylvania:

• Means “Penn’s forest”: named after his father

• William Penn is Quaker; Society of Friends

• Euality, no authority

• Gets charter

• City is Philadelphia; Greek for “brotherly love”

• Blueprint: whole city plots sold to anyone

• Landed on Penn’s landing

• Meets Delaware Indians 

• Signs a coexistence treaty with them in Penn Treaty Park

• Diversity: lots of languages & immigrants

• Port city: trading

• Produce farming: corn, wheat

• New towns: Germantown, Fishtown, Spring Graden, Lancaster (Amish)

• Penn makes Charter of Privileges: landowners vote in elections

• 1st governor: John Penn

• Slave trade arrives

4. 1502: Delaware

• Small colony for tobacco

• Slaves brought and sold

• Port city: Wilmington

• King of England owns all & is paid varying taxes 

5. Benjamin Franklin:

• 1706: in Boston

• Puritan 

• Learns to print →makes newspapers

• Dies in 1790

___________________________________________________________________

Lesson 4: Southern Colonies

• Warm weather 

• Rich, black soil

• Plantations created: 1000 acres & grow cash crops

• Cash crops: tobacco, cotton, indigo, rice, sugarcane

• 400,000 slaves sent (Majority)

• Black population outnumbers white population

1. 1607: Virginia:

• Largest colony

• Tobacco colony

• Lots of English Migration; move to interior

• Indentured servants: ticket to America in exchange for 3-10 years labor

• If freed: land and clothing

• 1676: Bacon’s Rebellion:

• English settlers rebel against governor

• Rebels burn Jamestown

• Leader: Nathaniel Bacon (dies)

• Capital: Williamsburg

• Take native land

2. Maryland

• Religious colony: Catholic

• George Calvert is granted charter

• Towns: St. Mary and Annapolis

• Quick growth

• Tobacco plantations created: slaves arrive

• Civil war

• Act of Toleration: all religions respected

3. Carolina

• Name means Charles after King Charles II

• English islanders from Barbados: introduce rice

• Weathiest colony

• Rice plantations: thousands of slaves

• Port: Charlestown

• Harsh slaves codes

• African culture: language & customs

• KIng spearates into North & South

• North Carolina: Tobacco colony & port city is Bath

4. 1732: Georgia:

• Charter from King George II

• Charter for James Oglethorpe

• Colony for debtors

• Slavery is banned

• Port: Savannah

• Grow indigo & cotton

• Quick growth

• Slavery becomes legal

• Last colony

5. Triangular Trade:

• Trade between Americas, Africa, Europe

• America gives goods

• Europe gives gold/silver

• Africa gives slaves

• 12 millions Africans brought

• 3.5 million die on the way 

• 400,000 slaves to 13 colonies

• 5 million slaves to Brazil 

• 3.5 million slaves to the Spanish Empire

• Big business; slavery