George Washington + Thomas Jefferson Presidency

George Washington significance

* stressed importance of office
* established first cabinet
* only president to not belong to a political party

George Washington’s first presidency

focused on domestic affairs

* cabinet
* Judiciary Act
* Bill of Rights
* Hamilton’s economic plan

Judiciary Act

1789, creates federal court system + Supreme Court (with 6 justices)

Hamilton’s economic plan

* taxes
* national debt
* national bank
* support manufacturing

Hamilton’s economic plan: TAXES

* import tariffs
* tax on whiskey
* southerners benefit less → regional conflict

Hamilton’s economic plan: NATIONAL DEBT

* borrowing internationally + getting international investors to support national spending
* federal govt. assumes state debts
* Southerners support but capitol of country moves south

Hamilton’s economic plan: NATIONAL BANK

* handles govt. money
* 80% privately owned, 20% publicly owned
* national bank deemed unconstitutional → private ownership leads to oligarchy

Hamilton’s economic plan: SUPPORT MANUFACTURING

* govt. financially encourages manufacturing
* rejected

George Washington foreign affairs

* French Revolution
* France at war with all other European countries
* Spanish, French, British in North America

George Washington’s second presidency

focused on foreign affairs

* birth of 2 parties
* Democratic-Republicans → pro-France
* Federalists → pro-England

Neutrality Act of 1793

US neutrality in European affairs, profitable for US

G´´´enet Affair

French recruit Americans to fight with the French in French revolution

* english abduct people from US merchant vessels to serve in British navy

Jay’s Treaty

British will leave American forts by 1800

* British compensate Americans for 2 worth of impressment
* preferable trade agreement with England
* polarizes political parties

Whiskey Rebellion

about taxation of alcohol

* Pennsylvania farmers stage minor rebellion about tax
* Washington sends 13,000 people to quell rebellion
* establishes power of the national government → democratic-republicans not hip

Marbury vs. Madison

expands power of Supreme Courts through Judicial Review

Judicial Review

Supreme Court can decide if laws are unconstitutional

Louisiana Purchase

doubles the side of US without a war

* US gets New Orleans

Embargo Act

1807

* cut off trade with foreign nations
* shut down US import/export business
* New England’s economy collapses

Thomas Jefferson

* 3rd US president
* Washington’s secretary of state
* Adam’s vice president
* got elected because federalist part was split

election of 1800

also known as the revolution of 1800

* power moves between parties peacefully
* result in 12th amendment

12th amendment

president and vice president need to run together

Thomas Jefferson’s vision

small, well educated farmers participating in govt.

* pro-agrarian society
* anti-manufacturing

Laissez Faire govt.

govt. shouldn’t be involved in economic matters

Judiciary Act of 1801

Supreme Court gets new powers

Thomas Jefferson presidency

* reduces national govt. power
* increases presidential power
* maintains 2 party system
* reduces national debt
* champion of the common man