MOD 10 - GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE, VICTIM, PERPETRATOR, AND HUMAN RIGHTS

Gender-based violence

Gender-based violence

is one of the most widespread and human rights abuses, but honestly it is the least recognized in the world.

Gender-based violence

An umbrella term for any harmful act that is perpetrated against a person's will (WITHOUT CONSENT), and that is based on socially ascribed (gender) differences between males and females.

Gender-based violence

is a rampant problem deeply rooted in gender inequality/biases and continues to be one of the most notable human rights violations within all societies.

Gender-based violence

is violence directed against a person because of his/her gender

violence against women

Gender-based violence and ____________ are often used interchangeably

‘gender-based’

using the ______________ aspect is necessary as it focuses on the fact that many forms of violence against women are embedded in power inequalities/biases between women and men.

SEXUAL

●       Harassment, rape, sodomy, attempted rape, marital rape, sexual abuse, exploitation, child sex abuse and exploitation, sexual abuse (non-penetrating), forced prostitution (willing – but involuntary), child prostitution, and sex trafficking.

PHYSICAL

Spouse beating/domestic violence, assault, and other physical violence (gender-based).

EMOTIONAL – MENTAL – SOCIAL

Verbal/emotional abuse, humiliation, discrimination, denial of opportunities and services, spouse confinement (domestic violence).

HARMFUL TRADITIONAL PRACTICES

●       Fit into the 3 main categories. FGM

(Female Genital Mutilation), early/forced marriage, honor killings, dowry abuse, widow ceremonies, punishments directed at women for crimes against culture

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE

This includes physical attacks, sexual assault, name-calling, intimidation, threats, attacks on property, etc.

Sexual exploitation

is an actual or attempted abuse of a position of vulnerability, differential power, or trust for sexual purposes, including, but not limited to, profiting monetarily, socially, or politically from the sexual exploitation.

ex: Exchanging money, shelter, food, or other goods for sex or sexual favors from someone in a vulnerable position

Sexual abuse

is the actual or threatened physical intrusion of a sexual nature, whether by force or under unequal or coercive conditions. Threatening or forcing someone to have sex or provide sexual favors under unequal or forced conditions

root causes

The _______ of all forms of GBV lie in a society’s attitudes towards and practices of gender discrimination.

Contributing factors

• perpetuate GBV or increase the risk of GBV and influence the type and extent of GBV in any setting.

• do not cause GBV, although they are associated with some acts of GBV.

Contributing factors

•        Alcohol/drug abuse

•        Poverty

•        Conflict

•        Availability of food; fuel; wood; income generation

•   Collapse of traditional society and family support system

CONSEQUENCES OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE

1. health consequences

2. social consequences

3. Economic Consequences

Health Consequences

include unwanted pregnancies, complications from unsafe abortions, sexually transmitted infections including HIV, injuries, mental health, and psychological effects. At the same time, this affects children's survival, development, and school participation.

Social Consequences

– this is possible to extend to families and communicates. Families can also be stigmatized as a consequence of GBV. For example, when children are born following a rape or family members choose to stand by a survivor, their community members may avoid them.

Economic Consequences

– this includes the cost of public health and social welfare system and the reduced ability of many survivors to participate in social and economic life.

Survivor

is the preferred term (not victim) for a person who has lived through an incident of gender-based violence

perpetrator

is a person, group, or institution that inflicts, supports, or condones violence or other abuse against a person or group.

Characteristics of perpetrators

● Persons with authority;

● Persons in decision-making positions;

● Persons with real or perceived power.

Human Rights

are universal. Everyone is entitled to all the rights and freedoms without distinction of any kind such as race, color, sex, language, religion, political or other opinion, national or social origin, property, birth or other status.

The 1987 Philippine Constitution

The protection of the human rights of all Filipinos is contained in the Philippine Constitution. Among its salient provisions in Article II, Section 14, which provides that "the state recognizes women's role in nation-building and shall ensure the fundamental equality before the law of women and men.

Anti-Mail Order Bride Law (Republic Act 6955)

The law declares unlawful the matching of Filipino mail-order brides to foreigners.

Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995 (Republic Act 7877)

The law makes incidents involving unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, or other verbal or physical conduct of sexual nature, made directly or indirectly in the employment, education, or training environment unlawful.

Anti-Rape Law of 1997 (Republic Act 8353)

The law reclassifies rape as a crime against persons, defining it as a public rather than a private crime. It recognizes marital rape and questions the notion of sexual obligation in marriage. It also notes that rape happens even without penetration and objects constituting sexual assault, which is also considered a form of rape. The law also increased the penalties against rape.

Rape Victims Assistance and Protection Act of 1998

The law provides assistance and protection to rape victims, establishes for the purpose a rape crisis center in every province and city, and authorizes the appropriation of funds for the establishment and operation of the rape crisis center.

Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003

The law defines trafficking in person in terms of the acts, means, and purposes of trafficking. The trafficked person is considered a victim; thus, she/he should be provided protection and support services by the state.

Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004 (Republic Act 9262)

• The law defines violence against women and their children as a public crime.

• It also identifies the duties of barangay officials, law enforcers, prosecutors, court personnel, social welfare, health care providers, and the LGUs to provide the necessary protection and support

Article 245 of the Revised Penal Code (Republic Act 3815)

The law provides that abuse against chastity is committed by any public officer who shall solicit or make immoral advances to a woman interested in matters pending before such office for the decision, or with respect to which he is required to submit a report to or consult with a superior officer; or by any warden or other public officer directly charged with the care and custody of prisoners or persons under arrest who shall solicit or make immoral or indecent advances to a woman under his custody.

Social

●       peer pressure, bullying, leader, teacher, parents

Economic

perpetrator control money or access to goods/service/money favors; sometimes the husband or father

Political

elected leaders

Physical

controlling access or security, soldiers, police

Gender-based

males are usually in a more powerful position than female

Age-related

often, the young and elderly people have the least power

Power

is directly related to one’s choice.

Force

might be physical, emotional, social, or economic. It may involve coercion or pressure.

violence

consists of physical force or other means of coercion like threat or promise of a benefit to obtain something from a weaker or more vulnerable person.

Consent

means saying “yes” agreeing to something

Informed consent

means making an informed choice freely and voluntarily by persons in an equal power relationship.