Lifeguarding Study Guide (Brayden Kozak)

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1. What is a PPE? 204-208

   1. Personal Protective Equipment

2. What are some examples of a PPE? 204-208

   1. Gloves, Resuscitation Masks, Gowns, Masks, Shields, Protective Eyewear

3. What signs do a passive drowning victim exhibit in the water? 61-62 / 63 chart

   1. An unresponsive victim face-down, submerged, or near the surface of the water

4. What signs do an active drowning victim exhibit in the water? 63 chart

5. Titled back face up looking, struggling to stay afloat and breathe, arms in front or side, legs kicking around and pushing down

6. What signs do a distressed swimmer exhibit in the water? 63 chart

7. Above the water trying to support themselves, has the ability to breathe, floating or treading water, might wave for help, little or no movement progress, at the surface, and might not be able to call for help

8. How do you care for a person with an Asthma attack? 234-235

9. Assist individual with quick-relief meds (normally an inhaler), and after 5-15 minutes if it doesn’t improve call EMS (9-1-1)

   10. What is the primary reason(s) to use a breathing barrier? 238
   11. Prevent contact with victim(s) blood, vomit, and saliva. Prevents from breathing the exhaled breath from the victim when giving ventilations
   12. What are the benefits of using a Bag Valve Mask (BVM)? 239
   13. Increase oxygen levels by using surrounding air, can be connected to emergency oxygen, more effective in ventilation, protects against disease transmission and inhalation hazards, used with advanced airway adjuncts
   14. Primary responsibilities of a LG? 3

Prevent drowning and other injuries at your aquatic facility.

1. What is the main objective of a LG safety team? 14
2. The main objective of a safety team is to assist lifeguards in maintaining a safe environment and providing emergency care.
3. While on duty, what equipment should a LG have on their body at all times? 25
4. Rescue Tube, Resuscitation Mask (pocket mask), gloves, and a whistle
5. What steps should be taken at an aquatic facility when dealing with an Accidental Fecal Release (AFR)? 39
6. Continue to operate filtration or ciculation system, adjust the pH levels to below 7.5, Raise free chlorine level to 2ppm (formed), or 20ppm (diarrheal), Backwash the filter, and maintain levels for 25 minutes before re-opening.
7. Steps of a primary survey? 212
8. Survey the scene, check for victim responsiveness (are you okay), check for pulse and breathing, ask bystander to call 911, and start CPR
9. What does it mean to size up the scene (what actions are taken by the LG)? 212
   10. Check for hazards to present a danger to the lifeguard or victim, use appropriate PPE, determine the number of injured/ill victims, determine the nature of the illness, form an initial impression that could indicate a life-threatening emergency (unresponsiveness or severe bleeding), determine additional resources
   11. If a drowning victim has no pulse / breathing, you should give the victim ____ ventilations before you begin CPR. 216
   12. 2
   13. Describe a recovery position for a victim who is breathing. 216
   14. A side-lying position
   15. In an emergency, your initial impression of a victim is to determine if the person has any life-threatening injuries. 213
   16. Rescue breathing for an adult is made up of 1 breath about every seconds? 244

a. 1 breath about every 5-6 seconds

1. Rescue breathing for a child is made up of ____ breath about every _____ seconds? 244
2. 1 breath every 5 seconds
3. Rescue breathing for an infant is made up of ____ breath about every _____ seconds? 244
4. 1 breath every 5 seconds
5. What are the steps of the Emergency Action Plan (EAP) in water? 120
6. Signal, rescue, provide emergency care, report advise & release, equipment check, corrective action, return to duty
7. What are the steps of the Emergency Action Plan (EAP) on land? 120
8. Writing down factual information about what was seen, heard, and the actions taken by the LG team is part of completing an incident report. 130
9. A lifeguard should be able to recognize and reach a victim within their zone in how many seconds? 70

30 seconds

1. What does the legal consideration “Duty to Act” mean to a LG? 8

Legal responsibility to act in an emergency while on the job

1. What does the legal consideration “Neglect” mean to a LG? 8

When an injured individual receives more additional harm due to a emergency

1. Why is it important to attend a preseason orientation and or training session? 10

To inform and educate new or returning lifeguards as they may forget knowledge if they’re seasonal.

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1. Your LG team / Safety team should practice the emergency action plan during in-service training sessions to be prepared for an incident at their facility. 13
2. What is the desired compression rate given to a victim during CPR? 276

30 compressions to 2 breaths

1. During CPR, the chest of the victim must fully recoil between each compression to allow for blood to flow back into the heart. 276
2. If CPR is in progress by one LG and a second rescuer arrives, the second LG must first find out if EMS personnel has been notified. 277
3. What is the CPR compression depth(s) for an adult, child, and infant? 278
4. Adult: at least 2 inches, Child: at least 2 inches, Infant: About 1 ½ inches
5. What are the five links in the Cardiac Chain of Survival? 273
6. Recognize emergency and call 9-1-1, Early CPR, Early Defib, Advanced Life Support, Integrated Post-Cardiac Arrest Care
7. Where do you place the AED pads on a child or an infant so the pads do not touch? 280
8. Center of chest and center of back
9. If shock is advised on a victim, make sure everyone is clear to ensure only the victim receives the shock. 280
   10. While using the AED, you notice the victim has piercings, place the pads at least an inch away from the jewelry. 282
   11. What three steps should a LG take when they are challenged by sun glare while on duty? 67
   12. Use polairzed sunglasses, Change Body Position (stand up and look around), Reposition lifeguard station (permission from on-duty supervisor)
   13. What are seven examples of causes of spinal injuries in and around aquatic facilities? 341
   14. Entering Head First into Shallow Water
   15. Falling greater than standing height
   16. Entering the water from a height (diving board, slide, etc)
   17. Striking a submerged or floating object
   18. Receiving a blow to the head
   19. Colliding w\ another swimmer
   20. Striking the water with high impact
   21. When enforcing rules at your facility, what two primary strategies are used when communicating to your patrons? 92
   22. Get the patrons attention
   23. Explain a safe option
   24. What is the primary technique of in-line stabilization when caring for a possible head, neck, and spinal injury in the water? 343
   25. Head Splint
   26. What in-line stabilization technique is used when placing a victim on the spinal board? 343
   27. Head and Chin Support
   28. What are the steps to working an AED? 289 (Flow Chart) 289
   29. Initial rescuer begins 2 person CPR
   30. An additional rescuer arrives with the AED and CPR continues until the AED pads are placed on victim and is ready to begin analyzing
   31. What actions of a LG demonstrates proper scanning? 65-66
   32. Scan all patrons in your assign area
   33. Stay focused
   34. Maintain an active posture
   35. Search the entire volume of water
   36. Move your head and eyes and look directly at each area, verses staring in a fixed direction
   37. Scan Point to Point
   38. Focus on effective patron surveillance
   39. Search for signs of potential problems
   40. Scan crowded/high-risk areas
   41. Pay close attention to beginning swimmers
   42. Adjust body position
   43. Don’t be distracted by people or activities outside of zone
   44. Do not interrupt scanning an area if a patron approchaes you
   45. What can a LG do to stay alert in the chair if they become drowsy? 67-68
   46. Request additional lifeguard coverage
   47. Keep hydrated, cool off and get out of the sun on break
   48. Exercise during one of the breaks
   49. Name the five steps in proper zone coverage. 70
   50. All areas of the water are visible from your chair
   51. There is an overlapping coverage when more then one lifeguard is performing surveillance
   52. Lifeguards have unobstructed views
   53. Size and shape of zone allows 30 second response
   54. If a LG enters the water to make a rescue, the other LG’s are responsible for surveillance is an example of Emergency Backup Coverage. 72
   55. How do you care for a person with a possible head, neck, or spinal injury who is standing on the pool deck? 350
   56. Have a victim sit in a chair so they don’t fall, Minimize movement of the head by telling them to remain still, and avoiding twisting and turning their head, neck, or back.
   57. Do you extract a small victim from the water with a possible spinal injury without a backboard? 191
   58. Bring victim to the side of the pool
   59. Maintain contact with the victim by rotating the victim on their back into crook of the arm, lift victim carefully and place on pool deck, exit the water and assess the victim
   60. How do you remove a victim of a spinal injury who is not breathing from the water? 342
   61. Active the EAP, Safety enter the water, perform a recue with manual in-line stabilization, check for responsiveness breathing, remove the victim from the water immediately using passive victim extraction and provide resuscitation care,
   62. Re-asses the victim’s condition and provide approrpiate care
   63. If caring for a responsive adult who has sustained an injury, you must gain consent before you can care for them? 9
   64. If caring for a responsive minor who has sustained an injury, implied consent allows you care for them. 9
   65. True / False. Water Competency Sequence (Swim Test) is used to determine if individual(s) can use all features of an aquatic facility? 101 - 102
   66. Non-lifeguards at an aquatic facility should be certified in CPR/AED and First Aid helps in an emergency. 122
   67. One person CPR for an adult 30 compressions / 2 breaths. 278
   68. One person CPR for a child 30 compressions / 2 breaths. 278
   69. One person CPR for an infant 30 compressions / 2 breaths. 278
   70. Two person CPR for an adult 30 compressions / 2 breaths. 277
   71. Two person CPR for a child 15 compressions / 2 breaths. 277
   72. Two person CPR for an infant 15 compressions / 2 breaths. 277
   73. Blood or other fluids in the ears / nose can be possible signs and symptoms of? 341
   74. Spinal Injury
   75. Once you place a mask on a victim, you must tilt their head in order to ensure the airway will be open. 237
   76. When providing back blows and abdominal thrust to a choking and the victim becomes unconscious, you should help to resuscitate the victim and begin 30 CPR compressions.246
   77. Where do you position your fist during the abdominal thrust for a choking victim? 263
   78. Thumb-side down against the victims abdomen, just above the navel
   79. In a severe bleeding situation, you place latex gloves on your hands and apply sterile dressing to the wound with gauze pads and bandages. 312
   80. What does S.A.M.P.L.E. mean when asking questions during an assessment of a victim? 304

It gives a history to make a proper assessment and how to treat the victim.

S: Sign and Symptoms

A: Allergies

M: Medications

P: Pertinent Past Medical History

L: Last Oral Intane

E: Events leading up to the incident

1. What does LOC mean stand for when assessing a victim? 305

Level of Conciousness

1. Name the five steps of caring for a person with a seizure in the water. 308
2. Summon EMS
3. Remove individual from water as soon as the indiivdual stops seizing
4. Once on land, lay the individual on their back and perform primary assessment
5. If breathing, place them on their side and monitor breathing until victim is fully awake
6. Name in order the steps to care for a victim with burns. 318
7. Stop burning by removing them from the source, Cool burn area with cool/cold tap water for 10 minutes, Monitor victim for hypothermia when cooling larger burns, cover the burned area with a loose dry sterile dressing, comfort and reassure victim
8. What does R.I.C.E. stand for when caring for musculoskeletal injuries? 326
9. Rest, Immobolize, Cold, Evelate
   10. Name the 12 signs and symptoms of a sudden illness. 306
   11. Change in LOC
   12. Nausea or Vomitting
   13. Difficulty Speaking or Slurred Speech
   14. Numbness or Weakness
   15. Loss of vision or blurred vision
   16. Changes in breathing
   17. Changes in skin color
   18. Sweating
   19. Persisent Pressure or Pain
   20. Diarrhea
   21. Paralysis or an inability to move
   22. Severe Headache

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