Experimental Design

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20 Terms

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Aim

The purpose of the investigation, outlining variables to be considered.

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Variables

Factors to consider within an investigation.

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Independent Variable

The factor intentionally changed in an experiment.

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Dependent Variable

The factor that changes as a result of the independent variable; what is measured.

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Controlled Variable

The factor kept constant to prevent it from affecting the results.

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Uncontrolled Variable

The factor not kept constant, either accidentally or by design, as it does not affect the results.

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Hypothesis

A statement predicting the outcome of an experiment, linking both the independent and dependent variables.

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Experimental Group

The group that experiences the independent variable in an experiment.

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Control Group

The group that does not experience the independent variable in an experiment.

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Method

The detailed procedure for conducting the experiment, including equipment setup, data collection, replication, and result recording.

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Results

The data obtained from the experiment, presented in a table, average calculation, and graphical representation (line or column graph).

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Conclusion

Restating the hypothesis, determining if it is supported by the data, and providing evidence to support the conclusion.

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Discuss/Evaluate

Using scientific theory to explain the results, discussing trends in the data, addressing any problems encountered, and suggesting solutions.

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Reliability

The consistency of data, identifying anomalies and deciding whether to remove or retest them.

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Accuracy

The precision of results, distinguishing between exact measurements and approximations.

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Validity

Ensuring that the experiment tested what was intended to be tested, considering controlled variables.

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Primary Data

Data collected firsthand, time-consuming and expensive but more reliable.

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Secondary Data

Data collected from other sources, quicker and cheaper but less reliable, often historical.

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Qualitative Data

Descriptive data based on opinions and observations.

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Quantitative Data

Numerical data based on facts and measurements.