Experimental Design

Aim

The purpose of the investigation, outlining variables to be considered.

Variables

Factors to consider within an investigation.

Independent Variable

The factor intentionally changed in an experiment.

Dependent Variable

The factor that changes as a result of the independent variable; what is measured.

Controlled Variable

The factor kept constant to prevent it from affecting the results.

Uncontrolled Variable

The factor not kept constant, either accidentally or by design, as it does not affect the results.

Hypothesis

A statement predicting the outcome of an experiment, linking both the independent and dependent variables.

Experimental Group

The group that experiences the independent variable in an experiment.

Control Group

The group that does not experience the independent variable in an experiment.

Method

The detailed procedure for conducting the experiment, including equipment setup, data collection, replication, and result recording.

Results

The data obtained from the experiment, presented in a table, average calculation, and graphical representation (line or column graph).

Conclusion

Restating the hypothesis, determining if it is supported by the data, and providing evidence to support the conclusion.

Discuss/Evaluate

Using scientific theory to explain the results, discussing trends in the data, addressing any problems encountered, and suggesting solutions.

Reliability

The consistency of data, identifying anomalies and deciding whether to remove or retest them.

Accuracy

The precision of results, distinguishing between exact measurements and approximations.

Validity

Ensuring that the experiment tested what was intended to be tested, considering controlled variables.

Primary Data

Data collected firsthand, time-consuming and expensive but more reliable.

Secondary Data

Data collected from other sources, quicker and cheaper but less reliable, often historical.

Qualitative Data

Descriptive data based on opinions and observations.

Quantitative Data

Numerical data based on facts and measurements.