Psych 1: Methods/models of psychology

Hypothesis

________: a proposed explanation based on limited knowledge to be tested.

Natural selection

________: the process by which organisms adapt to their environment to survive.

Variables

________: changing factors in an experiment.

Survey

________: gathers data by asking a group of people their thoughts, reactions, or opinions.

Wilhelm Wundt

________:"the father of psychology "first to experiment with psych in a lab.

Confederate

________: research actors that secretly participate alongside subjects in an experiment.

Statistical significance

________: quantifies whether or not the data is greatly affected by the changed variable.

Double-blind procedure

________: an experiment where neither the researcher nor the participants know who is being affected by the independent variable until after the results are given, helps to avoid bias.

Scatterplots

________: shows relationship between 2 variables, dotted graph.

Psychometrics

________: study of the theory and technique of measurement, testing, assessment.

Stanley Milgram

________: psychologist who conducted controversial obedience experiments.

Sigmund Freud

________: founded psychoanalysis, the unconscious mind, id ego superego.

Correlation

________: a relationship or commonality between two variables.

Social psychology

________: study of how behavior is influenced by presence /behavior of others.

Validity

________: being trustworthy, correct results.

Self report

________ distortion: misleading or false information based on individuals providing their own thoughts.

Operational definition

________: the specific measurement of the dependent variable.

Histograms

________: bar graph recording and representing data.

Sample

________: a group of people participating in an experiment.

Humanism

________: focus on the individual and the idea that one can fulfill their potential.

Carl Rogers

________: one founder of the humanistic approach.

Empiricism

________: theory that all knowledge is derived from sense- experience, John Locke.

human behavior

Experiment: procedure to test theories about ________.

Case Study

________: an in- depth examination of a theory, researches complex issues to better understand human behavior.

Biopsychosocial psychology

________: the study of how we are shaped by nature and nurture.

Psychiatry

________: a medical doctor specializing in mental health, can perscribe medicine for mental issues.

Charles Darwin

________: evolutionary view, theorized natural selection.

Institutional Review Boards

________: reviews /moniters research on human subjects according to FDA regulations.

Behaviorism

________: theory that human behavior can be explained by conditioning, not thought /feeling.

Cognitive psychology

________: the study of thinking and perception, inner mental processes.

Positive correlation

________: variable relationship where they increase or decrease together.

Naturalistic observation

________: research method involving observing subjects in their natural environment, no intervention.

Extraneous variables

________: the uncontrolled variables that can affect outcome of research.

Independent variable

________: what is changed in the experiment.

Negative correlation

________: variable relationship where when one increases the other decreases.

Educational school psychologists

________: supports students ability to learn, and teachers ability to teach in schools.

Biological psychology

________: the study of the role of our genetics in shaping who we are.

Experimenter bias

________: the tendency of the researcher to introduce bias into an experiment.

Placebo

________: the sugar pill, seems real but isnt.

Control group

________: the baseline for the experiment, independent variable not used.

Unit 1

Methods and Models of Psychology

Empiricism

theory that all knowledge is derived from sense-experience, John Locke

Behaviorism

theory that human behavior can be explained by conditioning, not     thought/feeling

Humanism

focus on the individual and the idea that humans can fulfill their potential

Psychoanalytic theory

the role of the unconscious mind, the id ego and superego, freud

Social psychology

study of how behavior is influenced by presence/behavior of others

Psychometrics

study of the theory and technique of measurement, testing, assessment

The unconscious

The part of our mind that is uncontrollable, things happening without our conscious awareness in the brain

Natural selection

the process by which organisms adapt to their environment to survive

Cognitive psychology

the study of thinking and perception, inner mental processes

Biological psychology

the study of the role of our genetics in shaping who we are

Evolutionary psychology

the study of evolution as shaping human behavior

Biopsychosocial psychology

the study of how we are shaped by nature and nurture

Applied psychology

direct face to face care to patients in mental health settings

Research psychology

studies human behavior through experiments

Clinical psychology

treat mental, emotional, and behavioral disorders

Counseling psychology

help people cope with everyday problems

Psychiatry

a medical doctor specializing in mental health, can perscribe medicine for mental issues

industrial/organizational psychologists

focuses on employee behavior in the workplace

educational/school psychologists

supports students ability to learn, and teachers ability to teach in schools

Wilhelm Wundt

"the father of psychology" first to experiment with psych in a lab

Sigmund Freud

founded psychoanalysis, the unconscious mind, id ego superego

Carl Rogers

one founder of the humanistic approach

B.F. Skinner

founder of behaviorism

John B. Watson

popularized behaviorism and made a psychological school for it

Charles Darwin

evolutionary view, theorized natural selection

Case Study

an in-depth examination of a theory, researches complex issues to better understand human behavior

Correlation

a relationship or commonality between two variables

Naturalistic observation

research method involving observing subjects in their natural environment, no intervention

Extraneous variables

the uncontrolled variables that can affect outcome of research

Survey

gathers data by asking a group of people their thoughts, reactions, or opinions

Experiment

procedure to test theories about human behavior

Independent variable

what is changed in the experiment

Dependent variable

what is affected by the independent variable, what is being measured

Control group

the baseline for the experiment, independent variable not used

Experimental group

a group that is affected by the independent variable

Experimenter bias

the tendency of the researcher to introduce bias into an experiment

Double-blind procedure

an experiment where neither the researcher nor the participants know who is being affected by the independent variable until after the results are given, helps to avoid bias

Hypothesis

a proposed explanation based on limited knowledge to be tested

operational definition

the specific measurement of the dependent variable

Self-report distortion

misleading or false information based on individuals providing their own thoughts

Placebo

the sugar pill, seems real but isnt

Placebo effect

if a person expects to be affected by the pill, their body can create effects similar to what medication could cause

Sample

a group of people participating in an experiment

Random sampling

the chosen from the larger population are randomly selected

Random assignment

the participants are randomly selected for control or experimental group

Scatterplots

shows relationship between 2 variables, dotted graph

Samping bias

when people selected for an experiment in a way that the groups will produce the intended results

Subjects

participants in an experiment

Confederate

research actors that secretly participate alongside subjects in an experiment

Variability

lack of consistency in pattern

Validity

being trustworthy, correct results

Test-retest reliability

reliability based on 2 tests over a longer period of time producing the same results

Inter-rater reliability

measures the agreement between subjective ratings from multiple raters

Variables

changing factors in an experiment

Positive correlation

variable relationship where they increase or decrease together

Negative correlation

variable relationship where when one increases the other decreases

Institutional Review Boards

reviews/ moniters research on human subjects according to FDA regulations

Debriefing

after an experiment explaining and understanding what happened

Informed consent

subjects must have a full understanding of what they are about to do and must agree