Ch 3 Quiz Notes

Interpretation of sensory information

What does the concept of 'perception' primarily refer to in psychology?

Bottom-up processing

Which process involves interpreting incoming stimuli from the environment, starting from the sensory input?

Influences perception by our internal prior expectations

How does top-down processing influence perception?

Mental frameworks

In the context of perceptual psychology, what are schemas?

Past expectations influencing perception

What do perceptual sets refer to?

Closure

Which concept in Gestalt psychology explains the tendency to perceive incomplete figures as complete?

Object-background differentiation

What does the 'figure and ground' principle describe?

Grouping by closeness

How is proximity used in Gestalt psychology?

Selective attention in noise

What does the cocktail party effect explain about attention?

Lack of focus on stimuli

What is inattention in the psychological context?

Change blindness

What phenomenon describes failing to notice changes in the environment?

Retinal disparity

Which cue is an example of binocular depth cue?

Eyes converging for focus

What does the convergence refer to in visual perception?

Linear perspective

Which is an example of a monocular depth cue?

Closer objects appear larger

What does relative size indicate in the context of depth cues?

Accommodation

What psychological mechanism involves altering existing schemas in response to new information?

Heuristics

Which cognitive tool is typically used for finding solutions through trial and error?

Making decisions based on how likely things are to happen (I.E this has got to happen!)

What does the representativeness heuristic involve in decision making?

Decisions based on recall

What does the availability heuristic influence in human cognition?

Gambler’s fallacy

What is a common cognitive bias in decision making that overestimates the influence of a recent streak on future outcomes?

Sunk cost fallacy

Which concept refers to continuing a doomed project due to significant investment?

Creativity

What is primarily studied in divergent thinking tests?

Convergent thinking

Which type of thinking focuses on finding one correct solution to a problem?

Problem-solving flexibility

What does functional fixedness inhibit?