biology practical t1

species of non chordata animals

animals under phylum porifera have minute pores on the surface called

ostia

function of ostia?

the water enters through the pores

in porifera animals - from where is the water expelled?

the large osculum

what is the large body cavity in porifera called?

spongocoel

what is the skeleton in porifera made of?

the skeleton is in the form of spicules, made of calcium carbonate

what kind of reproduction is seen in porifera?

asexual reproduction through budding and regeneration

lab example of porifera

bath sponge

what is phylum coelenterata also known as?

cnidaria

briefly describe the structure of cnidaria animals

diploblastic, body wall is composed of outer ectoderm and inner endoderm with jelly-like mesoglea in between.

hollow cavity in cnidaria?

coelenteron

where is mouth in cnidaria?

mouth is present at one end, surrounded by tentacles

specialised cells on cnidaria?

they are called cnidoblasts, contain stinging structures called nematocysts present on the tentacles

lab example of cnidaria

sea anemone and aurelia jelly fish

briefly describe the structure of platyhelminthes animals

triploblastic animals, bilateral symmetry. they have leaf-like dorsoventrally flattened body

how many suckers are present in platyhelminthes animals?

two suckers - oral and ventral.

how is the excretory system in platyhelminthes?

excetory system consists of branching tubes having flame cells.

lab example of platyhelminthes?

liver fluke

define nemathelminthes

common endoparasite found in small intestine of humans, mainly children

explain the structure of nemathelminthes

body is elongated or cylindrical, they are unsegmented worms.

difference between the sexes in nemathelminthes?

male is smaller with a curved tail, female is longer

where do nemathelminthes animals excrete from?

an excretory pore is present a little behind the mouth

lab example of nemathelminthes?

female ascaris (roundworm)

explain the structure of annelida animals

elongated and cylindrical body, metameric segmentation with mouth present at anterior end.

explain the segment division in annelida animals

first segment is called peristomium - lies ventral to the mouth.
there is a muscular band called clitellum in segments 14-16

excretory organ in annelida?

excretory organs are called nephridia, hermaphrodite animal

lab example of annelida?

leech, earthworm

body of arthropoda?

chitinous exoskeleton, body is divided into head, thorax and abdomen.

wings in arthropoda?

two pairs of wings.
first pair- thick and dark brown. second pair- thin and membranous

more on arthropoda

pair of antenna on the head with sensory function. three pairs of jointed legs. separate sexes

lab example of arthropoda?

prawn, crab, cockroach, spider, centipede, millipede

define mollusca

common freshwater snail found in ponds and lakes

explain structure of mollusca

has a lemon yellow spirally coiled globose shell. soft bodied animal inside the shell consists of head, visceral mass, foot and mantle.
the head has a mouth, two pairs of tentacles and two eyes.

visceral mass is spirally coiled and contains the internal organs.
foot is large and triangular, helps in locomotion.stru

lab example of mollusca?

snail, pila globosa

structure of echinodermata?

radial symmetry, flat body covered in spines.
five elongated arms radiating from central disc.

two surfaces in echinodermata?

oral and aboral. oral surface has the mouth, aboral surface has the anus.

what helps echinodermata animals in locomotion?

water vascular system and tube feet

function of tube feet in echinodermata?

locomotion, respiration, capturing food

lab example of echinodermata?

sea urchin, starfish