Unit 2: Stem Cells and Junctions

Embryonic Stem Cells

these stem cells come from a few days past fertilization

Embryonic Stem Cells

these stem cells are pluripotent

Embryonic Stem Cells

these stem cells are fully undifferentiated

Embryonic Stem Cells

these stem cells can become any part of an organism

Adult/Somatic Stem Cells

these stem cells are multipotent

Adult/Somatic Stem Cells

these stem cells are limited to certain cell types

Adult/Somatic Stem Cells

these stem cells are undifferentiated cells found living within specific differentiated tissues in our bodies

Adult/Somatic Stem Cells

these stem cells can renew themselves or generate new cells that can replace dead or damaged tissue

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

these stem cells are produced in a lab

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

these stem cells take fully specialized cells and treat them with chemicals to reprogram them to behave like pluripotent cells

Minimal harm

what is the benefit of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells?

adult/somatic stem cells

What type of stem cells do we have in us?

cell maintenance, cells being worn out or lost, or exposure to the outside environment

What activates our stem cells?

Differentiation/Specialization

The process that enables cells to specialize

-process that stem cells undergo to become many different types of specialized cells with unique functions

In Vitro Fertilization (IFV)

Type of fertility treatment where eggs are combined with sperm outside of the body in a lab

-human embryos that are discarded as medical waste from labs are used in stem cell research

Pluripotent

Can become any type of cell

-Beginning of development

-Can be any part of an organism

Multipotent

Is limited in what kind of cell it can become

Example = bone marrow; can become any type of blood cell, but only a blood cell

Cell-based Regenerative Therapy

Process of replacing or regenerating human cells with new, healthy and fully functional cells, tissues, and organs to restore normal function

-Promotes the repair response of disease or injured tissue using stem cells

Personalized Medicine

Uses an individual’s clinical, genetic, genomic, and environmental information to guide decisions in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease

-Individualized care

Self-Renewal

The process where stem cells divide to make more stem cells

-Plays critical role in tissue development, maintenance, and repair

Intercellular junctions

firm connections between epithelial cells to provide protections

junctions

specialized attachment sites

Intercellular junctions

connections involve large areas of adjacent membranes or specialized attachment sites

Tight and desmosomes

Which junctions are connections

Gap

Which junction is space

Tight and desmosomes

Which junctions are found in epithelial only

Gap

Which junction is found in many muscle types

Tight

Which junction is a membrane bound together by proteins found in other cells

Tight

Which junction has tissues that line hollow spaces full of liquid; this prevents liquid from leaking

Tight

which junction is found in epithelial cells exposed to harsh conditions such as the digestive tract and blood vessels

Tight

Which junction sticks cells together and acts like a magnet

Gap

Which junction allows for quick communication between cells to share nutrients

Gap

Which junction allows some cells to open and some cells to open and close

Gap

Which junction has protein channels that run from the cytoplasm of one cell into the cytoplasm of neighboring cells, making cytoplasm continuous

Gap

Which junction is found in ciliated epithelia

Gap

Which junction is found in cardiac and smooth muscle for coordinated muscle contraction

Desmosomes

Which junction has mechanical stresses of stretching, twisting, and compression

Desmosomes

Which junction is found in cells in superficial layers of cells, preventing cells from pulling apart tissues that experience friction

Desmosomes

Which junction has a stronger connection than tight junctions

Desmosomes

Which junctions is like a snap or zipper

Desmosomes

Which junction has the most surface area