changing places aqa a level geography paper 2

Outline the concept of place

A place is a location with meaning, shaped by physical and human characteristics. It included objective aspects like landscape and location as well as subjective meaning. Places can be socially constructed and vary depending on cultural, personal or historical context. Places is more than just a space- it where people form attachments

Outline the importance of place in human life and experience

Provides identity and belonging to individuals
Places hold emotional and cultural significance
Influence people's daily experiences and wellbeing
Places a role in social relationships and memory

Explain quantitative data's use to investigate place characteristics

Data such as census information provides measurable statistics about places e.g. population density, income levels
GIS mapping tools can show spatial patterns and socio-economic factors of a place
Helps compare places objectively but may lack emotional context.

outline qualitative approaches involved in representing place

Use of photographs, poetry, art, films, interview to show subjective experiences
Helps understand the emotional and cultural significance of a place
Can show how different groups perceive the same place differently
Offers a richer, more human perspective than statistics alone

outline the difference between near and far places

Near places are geographically or emotionally close places- familiar, part of everyday life
Far places are more distant physically and culturally- less familiar or relatable
Near and far can be relative, not purely based on distance
Globalisation has blurred these distinctions e.g. familiarity of far places through media

outline the impacts of media on place meaning

Media representations can shape public perceptions and stereotypes
Can create distorted or idealised images of places
Influences whether a place is seen as desirable or threatening
E.g. films or news can romanticise or demonise certain areas

explain the impacts of experience on perception of place

Personal experiences give people a deep emotional connection to place
Positive or negative encounters can shape attitudes e.g. friendly locals vs crime
Memory and routine can also affect how a place is understood and valued

outline the difference between experienced and media places

Experienced places are those a person has physically visited or lived in
Media places are known only through TV, books, internet or news
Media places may not reflect the true complexity of a location
Experienced places allow for personal interpretation and emotional connection

outline the factors contributing to place character

Physical geography- landscape and climate
Demographic characteristics- age, ethnicity, population size
Socio-economic factors- income levels, housing types, employment
Cultural and historical identity- monuments, cathedrals, famous buildings

outline endogenous characteristics of a local place

Geology and topography- chalk downs and river valley shapes Winchester's layout
Historical architecture- Winchester cathedral, the great hall
Land use patterns- mix of residential, retail and green space
Local demographics- relatively affluent, older population with high home ownership

explain exogenous factors of a local place

Tourism- visitors drawn to heritage sites bring external investment and shape services
Transport links- rail connections to London encourages commuter living and rising house prices
University of Winchester- attracts students from outside, influences economy and demographics

outline how demographic characteristics of a local place are shaped by shifting flows of people, resources, money and investment

Influx of commuters and retirees increase average age and affluence
Student population from other parts of the uk alters age and household composition
House price increases due to inward investment impact family infrastructure and affordability
International migration adds cultural and ethnic diversity

outline how socio economic characteristics of a local place are shaped by shifting flows of people, resources, money and investment

High investment in schools and services due to affluence and educated residents
Gentrification and rising house prices exclude lower income groups
Local economy supported by external tourism revenue and student spending
Proximity to London brings high paying commuters, increasing local income averages

outline how cultural characteristics of a local place are shaped by shifting flows of people, resources, money and investment

Presence of students and young professionals supports arts and theatre events
Tourism investment supports heritage preservation and events like the Christmas market
National influences shape high street culture
Local festivals and community events reflect a blend of traditional and modern culture

Outline the characteristics and impacts of external forces operating at different scales in your local place

Regional scale: Winchester's proximity to London brings commuters, raising property demand and prices
National scale: university funding from national bodies helps shape winchesters demographic and economy
Global scale: international tourism sustains local businesses but can cause congestions

Explain how past connections shape local places and embed them in regional, national and international scales

Historic capital of England links Winchester to national identity and tourism
Religious center due to Winchester cathedral has international Christian heritage importance
Roman and anglo-Saxon roots shape the city layout and tourist appeal

Outline how present connections shape local places and embed them in regional, national and international scales

Winchester has rail links to London. This embeds them in the national economy through commuters
Winchester university attracts students from around the uk and abroad
Events like the Christmas market draw international tourists
Twin town links foster international cultural connections

Outline the difference between insiders and outsiders of place

Insiders are people who may feel familiarity and emotional attachment to a place. An example could be frank turner evidenced through his song Wessex boy where he reminisces on his childhood spent in the cathedral grounds with friends
Outsiders may feel excluded or alienated due to lack of local knowledge or differences. An example could be the homeless in the night shelter.
Insiders may see stability and outsiders may see exclusivity

Outline how humans perceive, engage with form attachments to places

Shaped by experience, memory and personal meaning
Some engage through community events, others through daily routines
Positive experiences lead to attachment
Negative experiences may lead to disconnection or avoidance

Outline how your local place is bound up with different identities, perspective and experiences

Residents may see it as a peaceful, historic home
Students may associate it with education and transition
Tourists experience it as a picturesque heritage destination
Commuters may focus on practical aspects like transport and cost of living

Explain how external agencies attempt to influence or create specific place meanings in your local places

Visit Winchester promotes heritage and tourism through branding. Estate agents portray it as affluent and desirable for middle class families
University brands it as student friendly, creative hub

Explain how your local place may be represented in a variety of different forms

Media: TV programmes and tourism ads show Winchester as traditional and historic
Art and literature: Winchester often romanticised for its architecture and past
Maps and data: objective but omit lived experience

Outline how past processes of development influence the social and economic characteristics of Winchester

Cathedral and religious institutions created early wealth and structure
Medieval trade and market roots influence layout and economic function today
Historical affluence shaped housing stock and demographics
Long history of education and governance led to high literacy and civic pride

Outline how present processes of development influence the social economic characteristics of Winchester

Gentrification and high house prices limit social diversity
Student-ificiation in parts of the city changes local economies and rental markets
Retail development and tourism growth increase service jobs but raise cost
Transport upgrades increase commuter demand, changing housing patterns

Outline the factors contributing to place character in your distant place

History: long standing Latino community with strong cultural identity
Architecture: colourful murals, low-rise buildings and historic sites reflect the area's heritage
Economic shifts: gentrification has introduced tech workers and high end businesses
Community events: annual carnival and cultural festivals reinforce local identity

Outline endogenous characteristics of a distant place

Physical geography: located on relatively flat land in east, central San Francisco allowing for dense urban development
Land use: mixed residential and commercial with vibrant street life
Built environment: murals, Victorian style homes, taquerias and local businesses
Demographics: historically Latino majority and now more ethnically mixed due to gentrification

Explain exogenous factors of a distant place

Tech industry in nearby Silicon Valley has brought new investment and high-income residents
Foreign tourism contributes to the economy and supports cultural commodification
International migration, especially from Latin America, has historically shaped the cultural and linguistic landscape

Outline how demographic characteristics of a distant place are shaped by shifting flows of people, resources, money and investment

In migration of tech workers has increased white, affluent population
Out-migration of long term Latino residents due to rising rents has altered ethnic makeup
Influx of investment in housing and retail changed the affordability profile
Resulting in a more mixed but increasingly economically divided population

Outline how socio-economic characteristics of a distant place are shaped by shifting flows of people, resources, money and investment

Gentrification has increased property values and reduced affordable housing
New businesses and cafes cater to high income groups excluding older communities
Job opportunities linked to tech and creative industries, not always accessible to all
Social tensions between old and new residents have led to protest and activism

Outline how demographic characteristics of a distant place are shaped by shifting flows of people, resources, money and investment

Latino culture, brought by migrants from Mexico and Central America shaped language, food and religion
Street murals and community festivals maintain cultural identity despite change
Investment in arts and cultural preservation supports Latino heritage
Cultural change is also visible with arrival of wealthier, often white professionals and tech culture

Outline the characteristics and impacts of external forces operating at different scales in your distant place

At a global scale, tech industry grown in Silicon Valley such as google has driven housing demand
At a national scale, us housing policies and economic shifts post 2008 recession altered urban investment
At a regional scale, San Francisco city planning and transport developments improved connectivity
This leads to gentrification, rising house prices demographic shifts and cultural displacement

Explain how past connections shaped your distant places and embed them in regional, national and international scales

Mission founded in the 18th century by Spanish missionaries
20th century immigration from Latin America embedded international cultural ties
Became a regional hub for Latino communities, linked through food, language and tradition
National relevance as a centre for civil rights activism in the 1960s/70s
Global tourism interest in Latino heritage and murals
These shape the mission districts identity and representation today

Outline how present connections shape places and embed them in regional, national and international scales in your distant place

Inward migration of tech workers links to global innovation hubs
National connections to housing market and urban policy changes
Local transport networks integrate it to the Bay Area e.g. BART
International connections through tourism and media portrayals

Outline the difference between insiders and outsiders of place

Insiders: long-term Latino residents with cultural, social and emotional attachment
Outsiders: new tech professionals or tourists with little emotional connection
Insiders feel belonging and ownership often engaging in local activism
Outsiders may feel unfamiliar or excluded, especially in culturally rich areas

Outline how humans perceive, engage with and form attachments to places

Perception varies by age, ethnicity and experiences
Residents may form attachments through shared experiences and cultural memory
Engagement includes participation in festivals or local businesses
Tourists perceive place through media, not always matching reality

Outline how your distant place is bound up with different identities, perspectives and experiences

Latino identity tied to culture, language, murals, food
Gentrifiers identify it as a trendy, urban place, focusing on amenities
Tourists experience it visually through murals and food
Conflict arises when these identities clash e.g. protests against evictions

Explain how external agencies attempt to influence or create specific place meanings in your distant place

Developers and city planners market the area as creative and vibrant
Tourist agencies portray it as a cultural destination
Local authorities promote safety and investment
These shape how individuals and businesses act, invest and behave

Explain how your distant place may be represented in a variety of different forms

Media representations: travel blogs, instagram highlight art and food
Artistic representations: murals reflect community struggle and pride
Official representations: government documents may downplay inequality
Local activism: zines, websites, protests show alternative narratives
Contrast forms create diverse perspectives of place meanings

Outline how past processes of development influence social and economic characteristics of your distant place

Historic immigration created ethnic enclaves, forming strong community networks
Urban neglect in mid 20th century led to low property values and community resilience
Redlining and discriminatory housing affected demographic patterns
These processes shaped a low income, culturally vibrant community

Outline how present processes of development influence social and economic characteristics in your distant place

Gentrification is raising property values, pushing out low income residents
Tech industry investment is creating job and wealth disparity
Urban regeneration projects improve infrastructure but change local identity
These increase social stratification and cultural tensions