POSC 343-001 Midterm Study guide part 1 (Tripartite System of Racial Domination - Electoral Politics Prior to the Civil Rights Movement)

What is apart of the tripartite system of racial domination?

Political exclusion, social subordination, and economic marginalization/exploitation.

Define political exclusion

Black people are excluded in electoral politics. North won Civil War.

Define social subordination

Required by laws to have segregation. (bathrooms, restaurants, water fountains, pools, museums, buses, schools).

Define economic marginalization/exploitation

Limits of Black participation on the economy

13th amendment

Abolished slavery

14th amendment

Guarantees equality of citizenship (Brown v. Board)

15th amendment

Guaranteed Black men the right to vote.

Reconstruction

Protecting the rights of newly freed African-Americans. Black men used their right to vote VERY effectively.

Electoral successes of Black folk

Hiram Revels and Blanche Bruce of MS - First Black senators (Members of the SC Legislature (1868). 22 Black folk served in the US Congress from 1870-1901 (2 Senators & 20 Republicans).

Why was education an area of focus for Black political action during reconstruction?

An education was their way to true freedom.

Disfranchisement laws

Poll tax - Tax to pay in order to vote

Literacy tests - Prove that you're literate

Grandfather clause - Needed a registered voter voucher from a white person. Even if an AfroAmerican passed all the disenfranchisement laws, they still couldn't vote in white primary elections because the democratic party always won.

Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)

Legalized segregation in publicly owned facilities on the basis of "separate but equal."

Sharecropping

A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops.

convict leasing programs

legalized form of forced labor, in which prisoners where hired out to the highest bidder

Vagrancy Laws

Homeless unemployed black Americans were arrested and fined as vagrants. Usually, the person could not afford the fine, and so was sent to county labor or hired out to a private employer

Booker T. Washington

African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality. Founder of Tuskegee Institute

(Booker T. Washington)Hampton Institute and Industrial Education

Character building, dignity of labor, good morals, Less threatening than "colleges" or classical liberal training - which overtly focused on political leaders

(Booker T. Washington) What was the primary education of Tuskegee University?

Develops an approach that focuses on work, dignity of labor as well as avoidance of politics; focus on economics

Ida B. Wells

African American journalist. published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores

W.E.B. DuBois

Opposed Booker T. Washington. Wanted social and political integration as well as higher education for 10% of African Americans-what he called a "Talented Tenth". Founder of the Niagara Movement which led to the creation of the NAACP.

Niagara Movement

A group of black and white reformers who organized the NAACP in 1909

Martin Delany

Father of Black Nationalism. Physician, author, abolitionist, doctor at Harvard med school (had o leave because he's Black). Traveled to Nigeria; told African-Americans to leave and create their own. Co-author of The North Star.

Henry McNeal Turner

Born free in SC in 1834. Learned to read and writ illegally. Apart of the African Methodist Episcopal

Church (founded in resistance and celebrated Blackness). Was also a politician. His solution: Afro-Americans need to leave and go to Haiti. Advocated for Afro Americans to move to Africa (Sierra Leone, Ghana, etc.) Wrote "God is a Negro". Rather be an atheist than to believe that God is white. He's saying there's no hope for Afro Americans when they believe God is white.

Marcus Garvey

Jamaican leader durin the 1920s who founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and advocated mass migration of African Americans back to Africa. Was deported to Jamaica in 1927.

United Negro Improvement Association

The United Negro Improvement Association was founded by Jamaican-born, Marcus Garvey, in 1914. He wanted a complete separation with the white culture, because he felt that whites would never accept them in their world. To do this, they would have to return to their native land, or complete separation within the United States.

Black Star Line

Shipping line created by Marcus Garvey to get blacks back to Africa.

Pan African Flag

Created by Marcus Garvey in response to a popular "coon song" "Every Race Has a Flag but the Coon."

Red: blood shed for liberty

Black: race

Green: land of Africa

Garvey's version of Black Nationalism

Garvey's vision was for the masses. This appeal gets at the intangible effects of the conditions they experienced. He rejected the white social order - thus Blacks can and should establish their own - but not subordinate to the white social order.

sense of efficacy

the belief that people can change their situation. The nation and economy can be built.

Oscar DePriest

first African American representative elected to Congress from a Northern state (IL) in 1928. Born in AL, goes to KS, and migrates to Chicago.

The balance of power

There was enough Black folk to create change and everyone was able to vote in the North.

The Great Migration (the push and the pull)

push - fleeing terrorism in the South.

pull-Working in factories in the nawf

Red Summer

summer of 1919 brought race riots, began in July when whites invaded a black section of Longview, Texas and burned shops and houses. It was a lash out against the growth of blacks in cities

Machine Politics

Phenomena that emerges in the late 19th century and early 20th century. They're hierarchal. Garners political support by offering incentives to be with us. Built on patronage, all about material incentives.

Transactional politics

I'm going to vote for you because you're going to give me something specifically positive. An obstacle in local politics because there were no specifics to landlord laws, and there were no safety laws at the time.