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Nuclei
collections of nerve cell bodies in the CNS
Ganglia
collection of nerve cell bodies outside of the CNS
Cardiac Muscle
effector of the autonomic nervous system
effector neurons
from CNS to the effectors
CNS myelin sheath
oligodendrocytes
astrocytes
between capillaries and neurons
somatic NS
voluntary regulation
monitoring of GI tract contractions
enteric nervous system
nissl bodies
rough ER at the nerve cell body
synaptic vesicles
storage of neurotransmitters
one
number of axons leaving nerve cell body
trigger zone
location for initiating an axonal impulse
schwann cells
myelin sheath in the PNS
nodes of raniver
gaps in the myelin sheath
axon
conducts impulse away from nerve cell body
afferent nerves
sensory neurons
absolute refractory period
a second impulse cannot be initiated
depolarization
sodium ions float into cell
rapid impulse conduction
function of myelin sheath
repolarization
potassium ions flow from cell
neurotransmitter
bind to receptors on post-synaptic cell
hyperpolarization
membrane potential (-70mV —> -80mV)
excitory neurotransmitter
membrane potential (-70mV —> -60mV)
agonist
enhances ation of neurotransmitter
glutamate
excitatory CNS neurotransmitter
parkinson’s disease
degeneration of dopamine axons/cells
Wallerian degeneration
loss of distal end of severed neuron
chemically activated ion channels
neurotransmitters
Na+, K+, ATPase
ion balance inside and outside of cell
membrane threshold at synapse
activates voltage gated channels (Na+&K+etc)
Membrane polarity maintenance
K+& Na+ leak channels
Agonist
Binds to receptor and turns it on
Antagonist
Turns off the receptor