7th Grade - Science - Chapter 4

yes

Do animals live everywhere on Earth?

a multicellular organism that feeds on other organisms the same basic functions

What is the definition of an animal?

obtain food and oxygen / keep internal conditions stable / move / reproduce

What are the basic functions of an animal?

homeostatis

keeping internal conditions stable

adaptations

structures and behaviors that allow animals to preform their basic functions

teeth / limbs

What are some examples of adaptations?

a kangaroo’s poach

What is an example of a reproductive adaptation?

more than 1.6 million

How many species are there of animals?

about 35

How many major groups have biologists classified animals into?

more

Animals branches that are closer together are more or less closely related?

according to how they are related to other animals

How are animals classified?

body structure / how they develop / DNA

How is the relationship between with other animals determined?

DNA

a chemical in cells that control an organism’s inherited characteristics

vertebrate

an animal with a backbone

invertebrate

an animal without a backbone

uniquely organized body structures

Animals within each phylum have what?

body plan

uniquely structured body structure

cell / tissue / organ / organ system

What are the four levels of structure in a body plan?

the organization of an animal’s cells into higher levels of structure

What helps describe an animal’s body plan?

cells

All animals are made up of what?

tissue

An animal’s cells are usually specialized and organized as what?

tissue

a group of similar cells that preform a specific function

muscle / nervous / connective

What are the 3 types of tissue?

bone and blood

Examples of Connective Tissue

organs

In most animals, tissue combines to form what?

organ

a body structure that is composed of different kinds of tissue that work together

bone tissue / nervous tissue / blood

What kinds of tissue is the leg bone in a frog made out of?

more complex functions

An organ preforms what that the tissues could not perform alone?

organ system

groups of organs

preform the animals broadest functions

What do organ systems do?

symmetry

balanced display of body parts

asymmetrical / radial / bilateral

What are the 3 types of symmetry?

asymmetrical

no symmetry

radial

many lines of symmetry

bilateral

one line of symmetry

divides it into mirror images

What do lines of symmetry do?

they are organized simply

How are the bodies of animals without symmetry organized?

complex body plans with tissue and usually organ systems

What kind of body plans do animals with radial symmetry have?

organ systems

What do all animals with bilateral symmetry have?

in water

Where do all animals with radial symmetry live?

some creep slowly on the ocean floor / some don’t move as adults / some can move quickly

How do animals with radial symmetry move?

front or back ends / heads with specialized sense organs

Most animals with radial symmetry don’t have what?

from all directions

Where do animals with radial symmetry take in information from their surroundings?

animals that usually move slowly

Which animals with radial symmetry does the ability to take in information from all directions help?

animals with bilateral symmetry are usually more complex than animals with radial symmetry

What is the comparison between animals with radial symmetry and those with bilateral?

complex organ systems

What do animals with bilateral symmetry have that allow them to function efficiently?

streamlined bodies

What do animals with bilateral symmetry have that allows them to move quickly?

a head

What do animals with bilateral symmetry have at their front ends?

most of the specialized sense organs are in its head / concentration of nervous tissue

Why is a head important?

processes information for the animal and coordinates the animal’s response

What does nervous tissue do?

its head

What part of their body does an animal with bilateral symmetry usually move into a new area with first?

sponges / cnidarians / flatworms / roundworms / segmented worms / mollusks / arthropods / echinoderms

What are the 8 main groups of invertebrates?

96%

What percent of all animals are invertebrates?

every climate

What climate do invertebrates live in?

asymmetrical

What kind of symmetry do sponges have?

some specialized cells but no tissues or organs

What is the body plan of sponges?

they stay in one place

What is special about adult sponges?

they take food into their bodies

How do sponges get energy?

jellyfish / coral

What are some examples of cnidarians?

cnidarians

invertebrates that have stinging cells and take food into a central body cavity

radial

What kind of symmetry do cnidarians have?

no organs but some tissue

What is the body plan of cnidarians?

flatworms / roundworms / segmented worms

What are the three main groups of worms?

bilateral

What type of symmetry do all worms have?

head / tail

What are the two ends that worms have?

cells / tissue / organs / organ systems

What is the body plan of all worms?

flatworms

a type of worm that are flat, soft bodies

detect light

What do the eyespots on the heads of flatworms do?

roundworms

a type of worm that look like smooth, thin tubes

mouth / anus

What are the two body openings of roundworms?

segmented worms

a type of worm that have bodies made up of many linked sections called segments

segmented worms

What is the simplest animal with a brain?

detect food and predators

What do the brains of segmented worms help them do?

mollusks

invertebrates with soft, unsegmented bodies that are often protected by a hard shell

a thin layer of tissue called a mantle

What do all mollusks have that cover their internal organs?

a foot

What is the organ that a mollusk has that can be used for crawling, digging, or catching prey depending on the type of mollusk?

gastropods / bivalves / cephalopods

What are the three major groups of mollusks?

snail

What is an example of a gastropod?

1 or none

How many shells do gastropods have?

gastropods

What type of mollusk has a distinct head?

clam

What is an example of bivalves?

2

How many shells do bivalves have?

bivalves

What type of mollusk as a simple nervous system?

squid

What is an example of a cephalopod?

1 internal or external or none

How many shells does a cephalopod have?

cephalopod

What type of mollusk has good vision in a large brain to help them remember what they've learned?

internal

Does a squid have a internal or external shell?

arthropods

invertebrates that have hard outer coverings, segmented bodies, and a pair of jointed appendages

legs / wings / antennae

What are some examples of appendages?

exoskeleton

outer skeleton or outer covering

it is shed and replaced

What happens to the exoskeleton as the animal grows?

insects / arachnids / crustacean

What are the three groups of arthropods?

crabs

What kind of animals are included in the arthropod group crustaceans?

spiders

What kind of animals are included in the arthropod group arachnids?

centipedes / millipedes

What other types of animals are in the insect group even though they are not insects?

bees / ants

What kinds of animals are included in the arthropod group insects?

echinoderms

invertebrates that have internal skeletons in a system of fluid-filled tubes/

endoskeleton

internal skeleton

radial

What type of symmetry do echinoderms have?

moving and obtaining food and oxygen

What do echinoderms use their system of tubes for?