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Unitive and Procreative Health

The concept that sexual activity serves both the purpose of strengthening the couple's relationship and the ability to participate in the creation of another human being.

Pleasure

The enjoyment or satisfaction experienced during sexual activity.

Sexuality

All aspects of being male or female, including physical, emotional, sociological, spiritual, and cultural variables of life.

Sexual Intercourse

Involves genital and erotic activity.

Procreation

The creation of a new human person through sexual intercourse between a man and a woman.

Creation

The making of all things from nothing by an act of God.

Evolutionary Theory

The theory that all things came about through repeated random actions of natural selection, including the emergence of life and the evolution of more complex organisms.

Artificial Birth Control

The use of contraception to intentionally suppress the procreative dimension of sexual activity.

Reproductive System

The organs and structures involved in human reproduction.

Male Reproductive System

The organs and structures specific to males involved in reproduction.

Female Reproductive System

The organs and structures specific to females involved in reproduction.

Human Sexuality

A multidimensional phenomenon that encompasses feelings, attitudes, beliefs, and actions related to being male or female.

Biologic Sex/Gender

The chromosomal sexual development of an individual, denoted as male (XY) or female (XX).

Gender Identity

An individual's persisting inner sense of being male or female, influenced by biologic sex and sociocultural reinforcement.

Sexual Identity/Sexual Orientation

An individual's preference for one sex or the other.

Heterosexual

One who is sexually attracted to the opposite sex.

Bisexual

One who is attracted to persons of both sexes.

Homosexual

One who is sexually attracted to persons of the same sex.

Transsexual

One who believes they are not the sex of their physical body but of the opposite sex.

Human Sexual Response

The physiological and emotional responses experienced during sexual activity.

Excitement

The initial stage of the human sexual response, characterized by physical and psychological stimulation leading to increased blood flow and muscular tension in the genital area.

Vasocongestion

Increased blood flow to the genital area, resulting in physiological changes such as increased clitoral size, vaginal lubrication, and widening of the vagina.

Human Sexual Response

The physiological and psychological changes that occur during sexual arousal and activity.

Excitement

The initial stage of the human sexual response, characterized by physical changes such as erection of the penis and nipples, scrotal thickening, and increased cardiac and respiratory rate.

Plateau

The stage of the human sexual response that occurs just before orgasm, characterized by further physical changes such as clitoral retraction, vaginal congestion, and increased nipple engorgement.

Orgasm

The peak of sexual pleasure and release of accumulated sexual tension, characterized by vigorous muscle contractions in the pelvic area and ejaculation in men.

Resolution

The final stage of the human sexual response, during which the body returns to an unaroused state, characterized by the loss of erection, general muscle relaxation, and a refractory period in men.

Teenage sex

Engaging in sexual activity during adolescence.

Premarital sex

Engaging in sexual activity before marriage.

STD

Sexually transmitted disease, an infection transmitted through sexual contact.

HIV/AIDS

Human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a viral infection that attacks the immune system.

Sexual harassment

Unwanted sexual advances, comments, or behavior that creates a hostile or uncomfortable environment.

Sexual abuse

Any form of sexual activity without consent or involving a minor.

Menstrual cycle

The monthly hormonal cycle in females that involves uterine bleeding and prepares the body for potential pregnancy.

Menarche

The onset of menstruation, usually occurring around 12 or 13 years old.

Estrogen

A hormone responsible for secondary sex characteristics in females.

Progesterone

A hormone that thickens the endometrium in preparation for pregnancy.

Hypothalamus

A part of the brain that secretes and releases GnRH, a hormone involved in the regulation of the menstrual cycle.

Anterior pituitary gland

A gland that releases LH and FSH, hormones responsible for ovulation and the maturation of the ovum.

Ovaries

Female reproductive organs that release estrogen and progesterone and produce eggs.

Uterus

The organ where a fertilized egg implants and develops into a fetus.

Cervix

The lower part of the uterus that connects to the vagina.

Vagina

The muscular canal that connects the uterus to the external genitalia.

Proliferative phase

The phase of the menstrual cycle characterized by the production of estrogen and the proliferation of the endometrium.

Secretory phase

The phase of the menstrual cycle characterized by the production of progesterone and the preparation of the endometrium for potential implantation.

Ischemic phase

The phase of the menstrual cycle characterized by decreased levels of estrogen and progesterone.

Menses

The phase of the menstrual cycle characterized by the shedding of the endometrium and the discharge of blood and tissue.

Apgar

A standardized infant evaluation that assesses the newborn's appearance, pulse, grimace, activity, and respiration.

Lanugo

Fine hair that covers the newborn's body and typically disappears within two weeks.

Vernix caseosa

A white, waxy substance that covers the newborn's skin and typically disappears within three weeks.

Acrocyanosis

A bluish discoloration of the extremities that is common in newborns during the first 24-48 hours of life.

Physiologic jaundice

A yellowing of the skin and eyes that occurs from the second to seventh day of life and is a normal response to the breakdown of red blood cells.

Mongolian spots

Bluish-gray birthmarks that typically appear on the lower back and buttocks of newborns and usually disappear by school age.

Desquamation

The drying and peeling of the newborn's skin.

Milia

Small, white bumps that appear on the newborn's face and typically disappear within 2-4 weeks.

Fontanels

Spaces between the skull bones of a newborn that allow for growth and flexibility.

Caput succedaneum

Swelling of the scalp that occurs during birth and typically disappears within a few days.

Cephalhematoma

A collection of blood between the skull and the periosteum that occurs during birth and typically resolves within several weeks.

Lacrimal ducts

Ducts that drain tears from the eyes.

Strabismus

A condition in which the eyes are not properly aligned and do not look in the same direction at the same time.

Ears

The level of the top part of the external ear should be in line with the outer canthus of the eye.

Nose

Appears large for the face, no septal deviation, no secretions or discharges.

Mouth

Should open evenly when crying, tongue appears large, palate should be intact. Epstein pearls are small, round, glistening cysts seen on the palate. Oral Thrush is white or gray patches on the tongue and sides of cheeks.

Neck

Thyroid gland not palpable, appears soft, chubby, creased with skin folds. Head rotates firmly on the neck and should be able to flex forward and back.

Chest

Bell-shaped, smaller than head (31-33cm/12-13 inches). Witch milk is pale, thin, watery or milky and disappears in 2-4 weeks.

Abdomen

Prominent (dome-shaped) and palpable:liver, spleen, kidney (at birth).

Anogenital Area

In females, labia majora is underdeveloped, labia minora appears large and swollen. Blood drops may be seen on the first week. In males, scrotum is edematous, dark color, hanging loose.

Back

In prone position, straight and flat. Lumbar and sacral curves start to develop when child learns to sit and stand.

Extremities

Arms and legs are short, legs are drawn up against the abdomen. Extended legs measured shorter compared to the arms. Legs move in a bicycle fashion and resist extension. Hands are plump and clenched into a fist. Tissue paper-like, thin nails. Should move symmetrically. Deep bracelet creases at the wrist.

Reflexes

Blink Reflex - rapid eyelid closure. Rooting Reflex - when cheek is brushed or stroke near corner of mouth, child turns head towards that direction. Sucking Reflex - sucking motion when lips are touched. Swallowing Reflex - same as adult. Gag, cough, sneeze are also present. Extrusion Reflex - extrudes any substance that is placed on the anterior portion of the tongue. Palmar or Grasp Reflex - grasps object placed on palm by closing fingers on it. Step (Walk) - in Reflex - when held in a vertical position with feet touching a hard surface, will take a few quick, alternating steps. Plantar Grasp Reflex - toes grasp in the same manner as the fingers do when an object touches the sole at the base of the toes. Tonic Neck Reflex - when NB lie on their back, the head usually turns to one side to which the head turns extend. The arm and leg to which the head turns will extend, the opposite leg and arm will contract. Moro Reflex - initiated by startling the NB. Babinski Reflex - stroke NB's side of toes in an inverted J curve from the heel upward and the toes fan out (positive). Magnet Reflex - if pressure is applied to the soles of the feet of the NB lying in a supine position, NB pushes back against the pressure. Crossed Extension Reflex - when lying supine, one leg is extended and the sole of that foot is irritated by being rubbed with a sharp object. Landau Reflex - when held in a prone position with a hand underneath supporting the trunk, should demonstrate some muscle tone. Deep Tendon Reflexes - when patellar reflex is initiated by tapping the patellar tendon with the tip of a finger. The lower leg will move perceptibly if the infant has an intact reflex.

Jaundice

Yellowish discoloration of the skin; usually results from the breakdown of RBC. Physiologic jaundice occurs 1-3 days after birth, while pathologic jaundice occurs 3 or more days after birth.

Mongolian Spots

Dark blue to purple macular areas distributed over the lumbar, sacral, and gluteal regions.

Molding

The head may appear elongated caused by intrauterine position or passage through the birth canal.

Vernix Caseosa

A white cream cheese-like substance that serves as a skin lubricant.

Lanugo

A fine downy hair that covers a newborn's body, shoulders, back, and upper arms.

Milia

Pinpoint white papule found on the cheek and across the bridge of the nose. Disappears by 2-4 weeks.

Erythema Toxicum

A newborn rash that appears at the 1st to 4th day of life.

Caput Succedaneum

The edema of the scalp at the presenting part of the head.

Witch's milk

A thin, watery fluid secreted from the breast of a newborn. Subsides in a week.

Meconium

The first stool of the newborn.

Fetal Growth and Development

The differentiation of germ layers by the 2nd week. Endoderm gives rise to the lining of the GIT, respiratory tract, tonsils, thyroid, parathyroid, thymus gland, bladder, and urethra. Mesoderm forms the supporting structures of the body, circulatory system, blood cells, reproductive system, kidneys, and ureters. Ectoderm is responsible for the formation of the nervous system, skin, hair, nails, and the mucous membrane of the anus and mouth.

Assessment of Fetal Well-Being

Fetal movement and fetal heart rate. Fetal movement quickens at 18-20 weeks and peaks at 29-38 weeks. Fetal heart rate is analyzed in conjunction with contractions using the contraction stress test.

Non-stress Test

Measures response of FHR to fetal movement

Amniocentesis

Done to determine fetal maturity and detect genetic disorders

Ultrasound

Uses sound waves to create a fetal image on a screen

Lar DA Oilly Coorrie

Not a relevant term

Intrapartal Care Assessment

Evaluating labor progress and fetal well-being

Theories of Labor

Uterine stretch theory, Oxytocin theory, Progesterone deprivation theory, Prostaglandin theory, Theory of aging placenta

Components of Labor (5 Ps)

Passage, Passenger, Power, Psyche, Placenta

Signs of Labor

Preliminary/Prodromal Signs, Signs of True Labor

Observation of Contraction

Duration, Intervals, Frequency, Intensity

Rupture of the Membranes

Risks associated with ROM

Leopold's Maneuver

Method to determine fetal presentation and position

First Maneuver (Fundal Grip)

Determining fetal part at uterine fundus

Second Maneuver (Umbilical Grip)

Identifying fetal parts on each side of the uterus

Third Maneuver (Pawlick's Grip)

Identifying presenting part and its mobility

Fourth Maneuver (Pelvic Grip)

Determining flexion or extension of fetal head and neck

Station

Describing the position of the fetal presenting part in the pelvis

Fetal Lie

Describing the relationship of the long axis of the fetus to the long axis of the mother

Fetal Presentation

Denoting the body part that will first contact the cervix or deliver first