Greek important terms and people

Lycurgus

semi legendary lawgiver, guardians of king, brings law and military/political institution from Crete, guidance from Apollo, portrayed to reflect classical/Hellenistic values (Plurach *), Great Rhetra (proclamation)

Epic poets

Homer: Iliad and Odyssey, no I, Hesiod: late 8/7th cent be- Thegony, works and days (didactic),uses I Apoonius of Rhodes: early 3rdcent BCE- Argonautica, tradition- about Jason

Lyrics poets Archilochus- lyric poet

680ca - 645 BCE, Paros: Ionic dialect, iambic poetry (blame poetry), war/being a solider- put on performances but may not act like that, they use "I", personal, biographically tradition uses this. Poem- slang, coward, narrow vs big, I vs them, war doesn't matter, new category

Sappho- late 7th early 6th BCE- lyric poet

Lesbos- Aeolic dialect, Sapphic stanza (4 lines)- new metre, themes: weddings hymns, partheneia- chorus of young girls, love poetry (*absence or inaccessibility of beloved), erotic poetry, same sex desire

Poem- external to internal, equal to gods- superior/perfect, butterflies, triangle?, senses, herself, fire and wound that what love is,

Anacreon- 6th cent BCE- lyric poet

Teos (Ionia); Ionic, Anacreontics- new metre, themes: love, wine (*drinking songs), being old, poem- Responding to Sappho, old not getting lucky, no self control, not lovey dovey, down grading women, no access- rude to girl

Pindar- 522- 443 BCE- Lyric poet

Thebes- Doric, metre- Aeolic and dactylo-epitrie, epinician odes (victory at Panhellenic games): choral, praise of victor's hometown, local myth/hero, family, victory himself, Poem- Olympian- Hieron single horse race- feels like homer, praise, learn about place and person, vague and specific,

Menander- 344/3 - 292/1 BCE- new comedy,

plays at Athen: domestic, plays: Epitrepontes- poor man with baby, Samia- sex work but actually citizen, Dyskolos- grumpy old man.

 Aristophanes: mid 5th cent - 386 BCE- old comedy

very satirical (nothing is safe), plays- Frog, Lysistrata, Wasps- image of chorus- dressed as birds, costume with big dick?

Aeschylus: 525/ 4- 456/5 BCE- tragic playwright

great innovation (actors, skene, language), Plays-  Oresteai (Agamemnon, Libation beaers, eumenides), painted back drops, 3 actors. (seven kept)

 Sophcles- 490-406 BCE: tragic playwright

Objects and action, Plays-Oedipus Tyrannnos, Antigone, Electra, love him, general- vote, (seven kept)

 Euripides: 480-407/6 BCE: tragic playwright

innovation with plots, language, music, Plays- Medea, Trojan women, Bacchae (18 kept), upcoming, risky, happy ending?

Herodotus- ca 484-425 BCE-

Halicarnassus(Ionia), ionic dialect: "father of history", break from Homeric tradition, Persian wars, ethnography- goes around to Persian empire and writes about the citizens

Thucydides- 460-400 BCE-

 460-400 BCE- Athenian, "father of political science", Peloponnesian War, chronological ordering of events.- in order of things,

Socrates- (469-399BCE),

no writing remain :dialogues of Plato and Xenophon, comedies of Aristophanes (*Socratic problem), citizen of Athens; avoided active participation in politics, elenchos "teaches": through dialectical argument, no fees, charged with impiety (dishonour gods) and corrupting youth, put death, walk around with young man and ask questions, new understanding of the world

Plato- (429-347BCE)

Athenian citizen- part of Socrates circle, author of Socratic dialogues (doctrine or debate?), objectivity of values and importance of morality: ideal rules and city, soul, natural world, metaphysics, founder of Academy- perception is faulty- only way through minds not senses

Aristotle (384-322BCE0-

born in North Greece, educated at Plato's academy: tutor of Alexander the great 9342-335); returns to Athens and found lyceum,  extensive research/prolific writer, experience and inquiry (*phenomena- perception), ethical inquiry,*political  theory, literary theory, logic ethics, epistemology

wanax

chief, king, warrior

Sir  Arthur Evans- Bronze Age

British archaeologist, late 19th cent, 1905 begin digging, Turkish in charge, takes Over, raised money- bought land, dug in Crete (on the downlow), recreate his image of Crete

Heinrich Schliemann - bronze age

dig in Troy and Mycenae, 19th cent, German archaeologist, dig in 1871-1878, obsessed with Homers Iliad and Odyssey, shady, used explosives - no good, made stuff up to match homers things,

time

honour

Xenia

guest friendship, hospitality

Acrete

excellent

boule

council

synoecism

living together

Xenophon

historian- peloponnesian war

Plutarch

historian- poetry

tyrannu’s

one person in power

polis

city state

Alexander the Great

Koinos

shared

phylae

tribe

oikos

household

phratry

brotherhood

Heliai

jury pool

Seisachtheia

shaking off

Hektemoroi

cancel debts

hoplites

citizen warriors

othismos

pushing

bibasis

competition thing for Sparta woman

oikonomia

household management

metics

foreginers

sophrosune

self control

Hieros

the scared, acts, objects

hosios

pure- actions that conform to divine law

do ut des

I give so you might give back

Asebia

disrespect

olmypionikes

olympic players

proxenos

on your behalf

dike

justices

nomos

law, custom

graphe

in public writing

miasma

pollution

atimia

loss of citizen rights

doulos/doula

one born enslaved

healer

iater

surgeons

iaters

phusis

nature

Eros

erotic desire

Kottabos

competition at drinking party

kurios

male

Parthenos

young girl who is not married

gamelion

month bride and groom get married

koureotis

child

nike

victory

agon

contest/competition

monism

single

phenomena

perception

 Herophilus- philosopher

3rd cent BCE; anatomy and physiology, first systematic dissections

 Archimedes- philosopher

3rd cent BCE- approximation of pie, displacements and buoyancy, parabolic reflectors as weapons

HIstoria

gaining knowledge

hymen

god of marriage

Epos

song, story

Agora

The center or market place

Geras

Gift of honour

Demos

People

Ekklesia

Assembly of male citizens

zetatia

The investigators

Helios

sun

Themis

What has been laid down law

Idiotes

A private person

Moros

One fill

Leukos

White or bright

Misthos

Pay and wages

Necros

Corpse

Pathos

Suffering and experience

rhesis

Speech and saying

Speiro

To sow legitimate children

tuche

Fortune and luck

Chalkos

Bronze

Psuche

Life and soul, body and breathe

Okus podos

Swift footed

Symposiarch

Same pace as others

Erastes

Old man partner

Eromenos

Younger boy partner