________: as state characterized by high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior.
New cards
2
Parasomnia
________: one of a group of sleep disorders in which unwanted, disruptive motor activity and /or experiences during sleep play a role.
New cards
3
Meditative techniques
________ have their roots in religious practices, but their use has expanded to alternative medicine.
New cards
4
Opioid
________: one category of drugs that includes heroin, morphine, methadone, and codeine.
New cards
5
Hallucinogens
________ are varied in terms of the neurotransmitter systems they affect.
New cards
6
Depressant
________: a drug that tends to suppress central nervous system activity.
New cards
7
Opioids
________ have analgesic properties (they decrease pain)
New cards
8
Suprachiasmatic nucleus
________ (SCN): the area of the hypothalamus the brains clock mechanism is located in.
New cards
9
adaptive response
Our sleep patterns evolved as a(n) ________ to predatory risks, which increases in the dark.
New cards
10
Jet lag
________: a collection of symptoms that results from the mismatch between our internal circadian cycles and our environment.
New cards
11
Restless
________ leg syndrome: uncomfortable sensations in the legs during periods of inactivity or when trying to fall asleep.
New cards
12
Stimulants
________: drugs that tend to increase overall levels of neural activity.
New cards
13
Sleep spindle
________: a rapid burst of higher frequency brain waves that may be important for learning and memory.
New cards
14
Humans
________ have an endogenous opioid neurotransmitter system- the body makes small quantities of opioid compounds that bind to opioid receptors reducing pain and producing euphoria.
New cards
15
transitional phase
Stage 1 sleep: a(n) ________ that occurs between wakefulness and sleep, the period during which we drift off to sleep.
New cards
16
Hypnosis
________: a state of extreme self- focus and attention in which minimal attention is given to external stimuli.
New cards
17
K complex
________: a very high amplitude pattern of brain activity that may occur in response to environmental stimuli.
New cards
18
Melatonin
________: involved in the regulation of various biological rhythms and the immune system.
New cards
19
Alcohol
________: in a class of psychoactive drugs known as depressants.
New cards
20
Parasomnias
________ can occur in either REM or NREM phases of sleep.
New cards
21
complex behaviors
Sleepwalking: the sleeper engages in relatively ________ ranging from wandering about to driving an automobile.
New cards
22
Tolerance
________: linked to physiological dependence, and occurs when a person requires more and more drug to achieve effects previously experienced at lower doses.
New cards
23
Sleep
________: a state characterized by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness.
New cards
24
Narcolepsy
________: when an individual cant resist falling asleep at inopportune times.
New cards
25
Consciousness
________: our awareness of internal and external stimuli.
New cards
26
Hallucinogen
________: one of class of drugs that results in profound alterations in sensory and perceptual experiences.
New cards
27
Freud
________ differentiated between the manifest content and the latent content of dreams.
New cards
28
FSH
Sleep involves the secretion and regulation of a number of hormones from several endocrine glands including: melatonin, follicle stimulating hormone (________), luteinizing hormone (LH), and growth hormone.
New cards
29
shift
Rotating ________ work: a work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily or weekly basis.
New cards
30
Night terrors
________: a sense of panic thats often followed by screams and attempts to escape from the immediate environment.
New cards
31
Narcoleptic episodes
________ are often triggered by states of heightened arousal or stress.
New cards
32
Meditation
________: the act of focusing on a single target to increase awareness of the moment.
New cards
33
SCN
The axons of light- sensitive neurons in the retina provide information to the ________ based on the amount of light present, allowing this internal clock to be synchronized with the outside world.
New cards
34
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
________ (SIDS): an infant stops breathing during sleep and dies.
New cards
35
Rosalind Cartwright
________ believes that dreams simply reflect life events that are important to the dreamer.
New cards
36
Insomnia
________: a consistent difficulty in falling or staying asleep.
New cards
37
pineal gland
The ________ releases melatonin during sleep.
New cards
38
Cognitive behavioral therapy
________: a type of psychotherapy that focuses on cognitive processes and problem behaviors.
New cards
39
Chronic insomnia
________ is almost always associated with feeling overtired and may be associated with symptoms of depression.
New cards
40
Brain waves
________ during REM sleep are very similar to ________ during wakefulness.
New cards
41
Carl Jung
________ believed that dreams allowed us to tap into the collective unconscious.
New cards
42
Awareness
________ of internal stimuli includes feeling pain, hunger, thirst, sleepiness, and being aware of our thoughts and emotions.
New cards
43
Growth hormones
________: important for in physical growth, maturation, and other metabolic processes.
New cards
44
Low doses
________: feelings of euphoria.
New cards
45
Dopamine activity
________ is often associated with reward and craving, so drugs that affect dopamine neurotransmission often have abuse liability.
New cards
46
eye movement
Rapid ________ (REM) sleep: darting movements of the eyes under closed eyelids.
New cards
47
Alcohol
________ is associated with decreases in reaction time and visual acuity, lowered levels of alertness, and reduction in behavioral control.
New cards
48
FSH
________ and LH: important in regulating the reproductive system.
New cards
49
Night terrors
________ occur during the NREM phase of sleep.
New cards
50
Hypnosis
________ may be useful in enhancing memory or a skill, but such enhancements are very modest in nature.
New cards
51
Consciousness
our awareness of internal and external stimuli
New cards
52
Sleep
a state characterized by relatively low levels of physical activity and reduced sensory awareness
New cards
53
Wakefulness
as state characterized by high levels of sensory awareness, thought, and behavior
New cards
54
Biological rhythms
internal rhythms of biological activity (ie menstruation)
New cards
55
Circadian rhythm
a biological rhythm that takes place over a period of about 24 hours (ie the sleep-wake cycle)
New cards
56
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
the area of the hypothalamus the brains clock mechanism is located in
New cards
57
Jet lag
a collection of symptoms that results from the mismatch between our internal circadian cycles and our environment
New cards
58
Rotating shift work
a work schedule that changes from early to late on a daily or weekly basis
New cards
59
Sleep debt
when an individual does not get sufficient sleep on a chronic basis
New cards
60
Sleep rebound
when a sleep-deprived individual tends to take a shorter time to fall asleep during subsequent opportunities for sleep
New cards
61
Sleep involves the secretion and regulation of a number of hormones from several endocrine glands including
Studied by 6 people
Note 
Flashcard (59)