Injury, Pathology, & Remodeling and Perimortem Trauma Mechanisms

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59 Terms

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Pathology

study of disease

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Osteoarthritis (degenerative)

(degenerative)

<p> (degenerative)</p>
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hip dysplasia

(congenital/ developmental)

<p> (congenital/ developmental)</p>
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Osteoporosis

(degenerative)

<p>(degenerative)</p>
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Antemortem Trauma

trauma that occurred during life

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osteogenesis

healing, reactive bone

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macroscopic phases of healing

inflammatory, reparative, remodeling

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inflammatory

ossifying callus begins 2-10 days

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reparative

woven bone: bridges fracture by about 2-3 months

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remodeling

organized cortical bone replaces woven bone: takes months - years

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Postmortem trauma

after death/ taphonomic

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postmortem trauma characteristics

breaks are more jagged and brittle and color differentiates from surrounding bone

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Perimortem trauma

at or around death

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Perimortem trauma morphology

sharp edges, smooth surfaces, no color differentiation relative to surrounding surface

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Young’s modulus

relationship of stress and strain and their effect on bone deformation

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Elasticity

returns to shape

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plasticity

permanent deformation

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fracture/ break

too much load to bear

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perimortem biomechanics

bone has plasticity and elasticity

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postmortem biomechanics

bone lacks plasticity: fractures more easily

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trauma mechanisms

blunt force, sharp force, gunshot wound

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Cause of death (COD)

event leading directly to death

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Manner of death (MOD)

legal distinction for how the COD occurred

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Types of MOD

Natural, homicide, accidental, suicide, undetermined

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types of perimortem bone fracture

complete vs incomplete

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Trauma mechanism

fracture pattern can tell us the direction of the force

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fracture path

follows the path of least resistance

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Gunshot wounds

High velocity impacts

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Entrance wound

clean, round/ oval surface

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Exit wound

external beveling

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beveling

“cone-shaped” defect in the bone; angle is always in the direction of the projectile

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Keyhole- shaped entrance wound

combination of internal and external beveling

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gsw - cranium fractures

radiating and concentric fractures

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gsw - long bones

entrance wound but no exit wound

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Slow velocity

Blunt and sharp force trauma

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blunt force trauma characteristics

slightly jagged edges, and flaking off of bones

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blunt force examples

falls (from heights), blows with blunt object, car accidents

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sharp force trauma

created by tool with a point or beveled edge

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alterations

straight line incision, punctures, gouges, and clefs

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striations on bone

serrated blades are distinctive from non serrated blades

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saws

dismemberment - sharp force trauma on bone

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hacking trauma

combination of blunt and sharp force trauma (machete)

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thermal alterations

burn trauma

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pugilistic posture

normal burning patterns of body

<p>normal burning patterns of body</p>
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burn pattern characteristic

skeletal region with less soft tissue will typically be exposed first

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color changes in burn patterns

typically first to occur in heat-altered bone

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unaltered bone

pale yellow

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heat border

white line - altered bone tissue

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charred bone

bone directly exposed to fire

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gray to white

calcined - lost all organic content and moisture

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cremation

body completely calcined, disintegrates to ash

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ancestry estimation

methods perpetuated racism in varying fields

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scientific racism/ polygenism

samuel morton

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shovel-shaped incisors

native american/ northeastern asians

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morphometric methods

scores features, and applies discriminant function analysis

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carabelli’s cusp

european

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structural violence

evidence of poverty and racialized capitalism in bone

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porotic hyperostosis

iron deficiency

<p>iron deficiency </p>
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linear enamel hypoplasia

malnutrition especially in younger years

<p>malnutrition especially in younger years</p>