Glossary 4

Waulking (walking) songs

are traditional Scottish songs that were sung in the Gaelic language by women while fulling or waulking cloth, a process of shrinking and thickening the fabric. The song is composed of 32 lines.

(Блукаючі пісні)

Bagpipe

a musical instrument consisting of a bag, usually made of leather or synthetic material, with pipes attached to it. The bag is inflated by the player and the air is controlled to produce sound. (волинка)

Whistle

is a small wind instrument that is played by blowing air through a mouthpiece and producing sound by controlling the flow of air.

Clarsach(к)

is a traditional Scottish harp with wire strings. It is played by plucking the strings with the fingers. (Кельтська арфа)

Pub session

refers to a gathering of musicians who come together in a pub to play traditional music, often spontaneously and informally. Performers sing and play traditional songs and tunesmfrom the Irish, English, Scottish and Manx traditions, using instruments such as the fiddle, accordion, concertina, flute, tin whistle and guitar. Some sessions have dancing too (музичний вечір в пабі)

Bodhran (бавро)

is a traditional Irish frame drum played with a wooden beater or tipper. It is often used in traditional Irish music.

Crwth (cruth)

is a traditional Welsh stringed instrument that is played with a bow. It has a rectangular or boat-shaped body with several strings. (крота)

Pibgorn

is a traditional Welsh wind instrument made from a wooden pipe with finger holes and a cow's horn attached to act as a resonator.

Penillion songs

are traditional Welsh songs characterized by the improvisation of additional verses or musical variations by the singer. They often accompany the harp or other instruments.

Eisteddfod

is a traditional Welsh festival of music, literature, and performance where competitions are held in various artistic disciplines. The term means"sitting-together." The earliest form of the eisteddfod is a competitive meeting between bards and minstrels, in which the winner was chosen by a noble or royal patron. The first documented was in 1176.

(Айстедвод)

Welsh triple harp

is a type of multi-course harp employing three parallel rows of strings instead of the more common single row. Is used today mainly among players of traditional Welsh folk music.

Land of Song

is a term often used to refer to Wales, highlighting its rich tradition of music and singing.

Treorch(k)y

is a town in the Rhondda Valley in South Wales. Treorchy Male Choir has been recognised as one of the greatest choral ensembles of all time.

Morriston Orpheus

is a male voice choir based in Morriston, Swansea, Wales. It is one of the most well-known and respected choirs in Wales. Formed in 1935

Sea shanties

are traditional work songs that were sung by sailors during tasks aboard ships. They often have a call-and-response structure and were used to coordinate work and boost morale.

Henry Purcell

was an English composer of Baroque music.Purcell's musical style was uniquely English, although it incorporated Italian and French elements. Generally considered among the greatest English opera composers

George Frideric Handel

was a German-British composer of the Baroque era, renowned for his operas, oratorios, and instrumental works.

Edward Elgar

was an English composer of the late Romantic period, known for his orchestral compositions, including the famous "Pomp and Circumstance" marches and “The Enigma Variations”

The Proms (Promenade Concerts)

Presented by the BBC is an eight-week summer season of daily orchestral classical music concerts and other events held annually in the Royal Albert Hall in central London. Were founded in 1895, and are now organised and broadcast by the BBC.

Skiffle

is a genre of music that originated in the United States and became popular in the UK in the 1950s. It is characterized by a mix of folk, jazz, and blues elements, often played on homemade or improvised instruments.

Jukebox

is a coin-operated machine that plays selected songs or music when activated. It was popular in the mid-20th century, allowing people to choose and listen to music in public places like diners or bars.

West End Theatre

refers to the main theater district in London, known for its large commercial theaters that host a wide range of productions, including musicals, plays, and operas.

Pinteresque

is an adjective used to describe works or writing that resembles or is reminiscent of the style and themes explored by Harold Pinter, a British playwright known for his enigmatic and often absurdist plays.

Reliant Regal van

is a three-wheeled commercial vehicle produced by the Reliant Motor Company in the UK that was manufactured from 1952 to 1973. It became popular and iconic due to its appearance in the British sitcom Only Fools and Horses. As a three-wheeled vehicle having a lightweight construction, under UK law it is considered a "tricycle" and can be driven on a full (class A) motorcycle licence.