Week 5 L Stereochemistry, Protiens And Introduction To Pharmacology

What do chiral centers require in terms of substituents?

A chiral center requires four different groups bonded to it.

What is the formula for the number of stereoisomers if a molecule has 'n' stereo centers?

The number of stereoisomers is 2^n.

What are isomers?

Isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures.

What are the two types of isomers mentioned?

Structural (constitutional) isomers and stereoisomers.

What distinguishes D- and L- amino acids?

D- and L- refer to the orientation of the -OH group on the penultimate carbon atom.

What major difference exists between S- and R- enantiomers?

S- and R- enantiomers differ in their three-dimensional arrangement around a chiral center.

What kind of drug is ibuprofen in terms of chirality?

Ibuprofen is a racemic mixture containing both R and S enantiomers.

What characterizes a full agonist?

A full agonist has an effect of 100% or 1.

How do partial agonists differ from full agonists?

Partial agonists have an effect that is less than 100% or <1.

What is the definition of an antagonist in pharmacology?

An antagonist prevents the action of an agonist, leading to no effect.

What is meant by the term 'induced fit' in receptor signaling?

Induced fit refers to the change in receptor shape upon binding with a messenger, leading to signal transduction.

What type of bond occurs between cysteine residues in proteins?

Covalent bonds known as disulfide links.

What are the four levels of protein structure?

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures.

What are the main components that establish the tertiary structure of proteins?

Interactions such as van der Waals interactions, hydrogen bonding, and ionic bonding.

What does the term 'selectivity' imply in the context of pharmacology?

Selectivity refers to how well a drug's shape/properties match its target, affecting its side effects.