Period 3

1754

start of the French Indian War

French and Indian War

France and Natives v. English due to land disputes and English being unfair to Natives. British won, but was in a lot of debt.

social mobility

the ability to move through social classes

1763

ended the F&I war- TREATY OF PARIS

Effects of the F&I war

french loses all land

Indians still have no actual territory

Salutory Neglect ends for the colonists to pay war debts

Proclamation Line of 1763

After Pontiac’s rebellion, King George III drew a line with 10,000 red coats standing guard not allowing any colonists to pass the app mnts.

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Chief Pontiac and his followers were growing angry with the coloniss, so they coordinated a series of violent attacks on the colonists

Customs reform

In the late 1600s-early 1700s, parliment imposed the Navigation Acts that stopped colonists from trading with other countries. This led to smuggling

Sugar Act

1764, indirect tax (businesses) 1st tax

Stamp Act

direct tax on colonists, formed Sons of Liberty

Sons of Liberty

created by Sam Adams in response to the Stamp act. Huge representative group. Boycotted British goods, tar and feather, fear, propaganda, EFFIGES

Daughters of liberty

Spinning Bees, spun their own fabric and made their own clothes. 20 factories in London were forced to shut down

Townsned Acts

Replaced the stamp/sugar Act. taxed tea, glass, paint, etc

tea tax

the townsned acts were but the tea tax was kept. Tea could only be bought from the East Indian Tea Company, which turned it into a monoply

Boston Tea Party

an organized protest led by the Sons of Liberty dressed up as mohawk indians. They threw off 46 tons of tea off of 3 British ships.

Boston Massacre

There was lots of propaganda created by colonists, but only 5 people died.

1774

Intolerable Acts in response to to the Boston Tea Party

1. Boston Port closed

2. Royal govener overthrew the MA govener

3. Quartering Act

4. British Officals were tried in England

1775

“The shots heard around the world” Lexington and Concord MA.

Concord was stocking up guns, and redcoats were going to stop them, but a patriot militia from Lexington interfeared them.

British won but it showed colonists’ will

1st continental congress

in response to the intolerable acts (1774)

2nd continental congress

they decide to form an army and select Washington as commander

Declaration of Independence

July 4, 1776

Common Sense

by Thomas Paine in Jan. 1776 for the average people to read

King is the problem, no avantage for the US, US is too big for a small island across the sea

factors that won the American Revolution

-British had bad communication, poor leadership, far from home, and they underestimated

-Colonists had a cause, good leadership, Foreign Aid (mainly French), espionage (spying with women and unexpected people), and guerilla warfare

Guerilla warfare

hand-to-hand combat, native tactives, ambushes, supply raids

Culper Spy Ring

largest spy operation in the war (NYC)

Battle of Saratoga

(1777) british wanted to take over the hudson river (trade ports/supplies), but we funneled them into a valley and fired cannons from above

-turning point victory

-french joined us

Ben Franklin

1st US Diplomat, got France involved, made Yorktown victory possible, helped w declaration, at constitutional convention

lafayette

french military specialist and washington’s advisor

Steuben

made drills and organized the army at Valley Forge

Valley Forge

military camp washington took his troops to in winter in PN. Some colonists came to support them, and Martha Washington came too

Battle of Yorkton

french navy, patriot malitita, and the continental army defeated the British in 3 weeks. Lord Cornwallis got cornered and surrder to Washington through another)

-last Battle of the war

1786

SHAYS Soldiers weren’t paid for fighting, so they had a rebellion against the government of mass. and mass. was powerless. Other states didn’t help, and there was not a military

-revealed the weakness of the AofC (no fed taxing)

Northwest Ordinance

1787 allowed the US to expand to more than just 13 states. New areas could apply for Statehood if they met requirements

-gaurenteed basic rights, prohibited slavery, and set aside land for public education

republican Motherhood

women teaching the revolutionary values within the family (not used long, but gave women importance)

Constitutional Convention

1787(philly)- 55 delegates, held in secrecy

-met to fix the articles, ended up creating the Constitution

Great Compromise

virgina plan(big states)- representative congress v. New Jersey plan (equal congress)

result: bicameral legislature w House of Reps and Senate(equal)

3/5 compromise

large southern states wanted slaves to be represented because of their larger slave pop.

Slaves were counted as 3/5 of a person and Congress wouldn’t interfere with the International Slave Trade till 1808

Ratifying the Constitution

2/3 of states had to agree, but there were Anti-federalists who were against it because there was no freedom of speech. John Jay, James Madison, and Hamilton wrote the Federalists papers to convince people, and the BILL OF RIGHTS was added to convince the antifeds

checks and balances

limited government (split to 3 branches)

each branch checks each other (ex. veto, impeachment, etc)

1777

 Articles of Confederation becomes the FIRST US government

1783

Treaty of Paris – Revolutionary War is over; US granted independence from Great Britain; Washington resigns as Commander in Chief

1788

US Constitution ratified – officially the law of the land!!

1789

Election of Washington as 1st US President(NO CAMPAIGNS); French Revolution begins

1791

Bill of Rights enacted; Whiskey Tax passed;1st Supreme Court convenes

1792

Washington’s 2nd Election

1793

Washington proclaims neutrality in foreign affairs

1794

Whiskey Rebellion

PN farmers went south to stop collection of the new tax.

They used 1776 symbols like “give me liberty or death”

Washington came to the scene and peacefully ended it (WE’RE NOT EXECIONERS)

This showed that the Constitution was strong and they could do it:)

1796

Washington’s Farewell Address (warned of political party’s-factions- and foreign affairs) & Election of John Adams 

1798

Alien & Sedition Acts (adam’s)

alien - citizenship harder bc they would likely side with jefferson (5 to 14 yrs res.)

sedition - gov criticism is criminal

What philosophical ideals are featured in the Declaration of Independence?

Social Contract, natural rights, popular sovereignty, limited government, equality

How did Washington enforce the US Constitution?

He put it into practice and proving it worked

Ex. enforcing the whiskey tax and stopping rebellion PEACEFULLY

Respected checks and balances (DIDN”T OVERSTEP)

Created the cabinet

The beginning of the Constitution

We were in lots of debt, and lots of elections needed to happen to actually put people in office. We had the Constitution, now we have to figure out how to govern based on it.

-1st people set the precedent (especially Washington)

1st Inguration

held in Federal Hall in NYC APRIL 30TH 1789, very low-key, he wasn't a king and didn’t want to be

Precedents Washington set

-tried to set a no poltical party precendent- didn’t work

-two terms

-Mr. president (LOWKEY)

-the cabinent

cabinent

• group of advisors for president (originally had 4 advisors, now we have 15)

• Hamilton, Jefferson, Henry Knox, Randolph

Hamilton’s 5 point plan

• pay off revolutionary war debt

• national gov. assume state debts

• congress est a national bank

• protective tarriffs to protects US companies

• WHISKEY TAX

French revolution

After King Louis XVI was beheaded w mary antiuntee, the citizens declared war

Washington decided to remain neutral (1793) for safety(many believed he was pro-england)

John adams

FEDERALIST (against Jefferson) 1st VP - 2nd president

drafted DOI, at constitutional conv., negotiated treaty of Paris 1783, continental congress mem.

democratic republican’s view on Adams

(ANTI FEDS) disliked him because of the French and British conflicts (too close to British)

TO SUBDUE THESE HE PASSED ACTS

election of 1800

-lots of brutal campaigning

-Jefferson won because of John Adams acts he passed

-ADAMS PEACEFULLY PASSED THE POWER