AP World History Review Flashcards

Flashcards covering key events, figures, and concepts from AP World History, Period 1 to the Present.

Baghdad (Abbasid Caliphate)

Islamic capital located in modern-day Iraq, built around trade using receipts and loan systems.

Abbasid Caliphate Decline

Decline led to the rise of the Turkic Muslim Empires such as the Seljuks.

Neo-Confucianism (Song Dynasty)

Emphasis on hierarchy and filial piety; women faced legal restrictions and social limitations like footbinding.

Filial Piety

Practice of honoring one's ancestors and parents.

Imperial Bureaucracy (Song Dynasty)

Expansion through merit-based bureaucratic jobs to maintain loyalty.

Economic Developments (Song Dynasty)

Champa rice, Grand Canal expansion, and trade across Eurasia.

The Crusades

Military campaigns by European Christians to convert Muslims and non-Christians.

The Delhi Sultanate

Led to the spread of Islam in Southeast Asia.

Genghis Khan's Empire

Unified Mongol tribes to expand authority, becoming great diffusers of culture.

Impact of Mongols on Russia

Prevented it from culturally developing.

Silk Roads

Established by the Han Dynasty, influential to the Mongols by facilitating trade.

The Magna Carta (1215)

Signed for the right to a fair trial for citizens.

Mongols (1258)

Overthrew and destroyed Baghdad, ending the Abbasid Caliphate.

The Yuan Dynasty

First foreign-ruled dynasty to commandeer all of China, led by Mongols.

Ottoman Empire

Founded by Osman Bey, expanded rapidly, adopted gunpowder weapons.

Devshirme

Enslaved Christians from the Balkans converted to Islam to form elite fighting forces (Janissaries).

Mansa Musa's Pilgrimage to Mecca (1324)

Introduced the wealth of Mali to the Mediterranean.

Tenochtitlan Founded (1325)

Capital city of the Aztec Empire; markets were established and commercialized.

Ibn Battuta's Travels (1325-1354)

Traveled all over Dar Al-Islam, helped readers understand cultures across the world.

Black Death (1346-1351)

Emerged in North China, spread rapidly across the Silk Roads and Indian Ocean trade routes, devastating populations.

The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

Came with the decline of Mongol rule in China, established peace and order, expanded borders with gunpowder.

Zheng He's Voyages (1405-1433)

Sent by the Ming Dynasty to explore the Indian Ocean and enroll other states in China's tributary system.

Aztec Empire (1428-1521)

Capital city of the Aztec Empire; expansionist policy, professional army, claimed heritage from older Mesoamerican peoples.

Inca Empire (1438-1533)

Expansionist, established bureaucracy, unified language, system of roads and tunnels, Mit'a system.

Mit'a System

Required labor of everyone for a period of time each year to work on state projects.

East Africa States (1440)

Swahili state flourished.

Johannes Gutenberg

Inventor of the printing press.

Printing Press (1440)

Made books easy to produce and affordable, literacy more accessible.

Atlantic Slave Trade (1441)

Transporting between 10 and 12 million enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean under brutal and unsanitary conditions.

Ottoman Empire (1453)

Conquered Constantinople, marking a significant expansion.

Russia (1450-1490)

Broke free from Mongol rule.

Songhai Empire (1464-1591)

Thrived as an Islamic state.

Birth of Sikhism (1469)

Held onto significant doctrines from Islam and Hinduism.

Reconquista (1492)

Effort to rid the Iberian Peninsula of Muslim rule, re-establishing Christianity.

Columbus's Voyage (1492)

Marks start of Spanish colonization and the Columbian Exchange.

Portugal (1491)

Colonization in the Americas.

Vasco da Gama (1498)

Reached India.

Safavid Empire (1501-1722)

Emerges as the largest Shia Empire, in conflict with the Sunni Ottomans.

1518

First enslaved Africans to Americas.

Protestant Reformation (1517)

95 Theses, Martin Luther.

Mughal Empire (1526-1748)

Akbar's religious tolerance and support for the arts. Aurangzeb's persecution of Hindus and Sikhs.

1545

Discovery of silver at Potosi mine.

1550-1700 Scientific Rev.

period

Russian Empire Emerges (1552)

Ivan the Terrible.

The Fluyt Invention (1595)

Responsible for half of all of Europe's shipping tonnage.

Tokugawa Japan (1600-1868)

Strict government, rigid social class movement model, national seclusion policy.

Jamestown (1607)

British Virginia Company, role in funding projects.

Louis XIV (1643-1715)

Absolute monarchy reigns in France.

1687

Newton's Principia published.

Qing Dynasty (1644-1911)

Governs China, Manchus, expulsion, division between Manchu and Han, isolationism.

Peter the Great (1689-1725)

Modernizes Russia.

The Enlightenment (1715-1789)

Effects: major revolutions, expansion of suffrage, abolition of slavery, end of serfdom, calls for women's suffrage.

French Revolution (1789-1799)

Causes: Social inequality between the estates, economic hardships, enlightenment, weak leadership, food shortages.

Beginning of Feminism (1791)

Mary Wollstonecraft published Vindication of the Rights of Woman, became a symbol for feminist movements.

1799-1815

Napoleon established rule in France.

Latin Revolutions (1806-1826)

Simon Bolivar, influenced by enlightenment ideas.

Congress of Vienna (1815)

Congress to redraw continental political maps.

Opium Wars (1839-1860)

Treaty of Nanjing.

Tanzimat reforms

steps towards industrialization in Egypt.

Irish Potato Famine (1845-1849)

Widespread famine, many died, caused Irish migration westward.

Commonist Manifesto published (1848)

Published to establish a party and an ideology for communism.

Seneca Falls Convention (1848)

Call for a constitutional amendment that recognized women's right to vote.

Taiping Rebellion (1850 - 1864)

The Qing Dynasty began to weaken.

Seppy Mutiny in India (1857)

failed, The British then made all of India crown colony

Suez canal (1859)

Canal built by Britain & Egypt

Social Darwinism (1860 - 1870)

Theory of survival of the "fittest".

1861

russian emancipation

1863

US Proclamation of Emancipation

Leopold Rules (1865-1909)

Rules Congo, commits human rights crimes to get rubber.

Era of Japanese Restoration (1868-1912)

Modernization, Japan became a world power.

Unification of Germany (1871)

Otto Von Bismarck.

Berlin Conference (1885)

Beggining of the Scramble for Africa

China European Spheres of Influence (1890)

manchus still had authority

Spanish-American War (1898)

acquired Guam, Phillipines, Cubia, and Puerto Rico

United Fruit Company (1899)

Playcainteger role westerin strengt hening rule developing countries

Muslim League Founded

seperate nations for muslims of India

World War I (1914-1918)

Militarism, Alliances, imperialism, Nationalism,

Russian Revolution (1917)

Russian Citizen grew fired

league of Nations (1920)

alliance disintegrates due to weak spots later

Reza Shan Paniavis rise (1925)

westernization of Iran

New Deal (1933)

FDR, infrastructure projects, retirement program.

Holocaust (1941)

Create a pure race

Stalin in power (1941-1953)

industrialization of the USSR

Gree Revolution (1943-1978)

high yield crops were being develop

cold wat(1947-1991)

US capitalitsm and USSR communism spread

NATO (1949)

US militart alliance

Great Leap forward (1948-1959)

Chinese econ boosted

cultural rev in China 1966

Stop the influ. of capiralism

Ianian revoliton 1978

Overthrowing of the Shah with Islamic influence

Fall of USSR (1991)

End of cold war

War in Guls (1989)

War between is and khawait

NAFTA (1994)

tariffs on products

All terroriist attacts

planes fly