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For the best experience for learn and practice in the in options in the top right put answer with definition , idk if this gonna work 💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀 This set only covers the bolded sections of Cantus PowerPoints so please go over the non- bolded sections for full coverage. Sorry to whoever got a bad grade thought he would ask more about the bolded stuff like he said.
Mesoderm function
Skeletal and muscular system
Endoderm function
construct linings of two tubes within the body.
Ectoderm Function
Give rise to external body parts/Hormone regulation
What does it mean to be multicellular ?
Have many cells
Who can’t produce their own food ?
Heterotrophs
Unicellular
One Cell
Some animals will consume autotrophs (plants)
Herbivores
Other animals will consume other animals
Carnivores
Some animals will consume both plants and animals
Omnivores
Originally unicellular heterotrophs are called:
Protists
What do animals lack?
Rigid cell walls
What is the replacement of that animal cells are held together by?
Extracellular frames of proteins like collagen
What are the 5 Key innovations that animals have evolutionized by?
Symmetry, Tissues, Body Cavity, Embryonic development, Segmentation.
Animals tend to have a definite shape and symmetry… what are the main 2 types of symmetry?
Radial, Bilateral
Radial Symmetry is most similar to…
A pie because you can separate it In multiple different ways
Is where the body has a distinct left or right, Known to have their brain and sensory structures located in one end
Bilateral Symmetry
During Early Embryo Development, there are two type of patterns… What are those two called?
Protostomes, Deuterostomes
Protostomes consist of…
Flatworms, Roundworms, Annelids, Molluscs, and Arthropods.
Deuterostomes consist of…
Echinoderms, and Chordates
What is Common between/ Found in Both Protostomes and Deuterostomes
The First Embryonic opening called a Blastopore
Where does Blastopore turns in protostome
into the mouth
Deuterostomes turn in…
into the Anus
During Embryonic Development, most Animal cells divide themselves into three layers… What are those three layers names?
Ectoderm, Endoderm, Mesoderm
What is the endoderm..
Innermost layer,
What is the Ectoderm
outer most layer
mesoderm
intermediate layer
Sponges do not have tissues instead they have…
Germ layers
Cnidarians do not have what layer
Mesoderm
What do some Protostomes not have but are instead packed with?
Acoelomate- No body Cavity
Protostomes that are not completely lined by mesoderm
Pseudocoelomate
Their body cavity is entirely lined with mesoderm
Coelomate
Sponges lack what…
Lack tissues
What are sponges classified as…
PARAZOANS (beside the animal)
Multicellular, aquatic animals that lack organized tissues are called
Porifera: The Sponges
What is the interior of the sponge is…
Choanocytes
The whip of the flagella causing the water current through the sponge is called
Choancytes
Describe the sexual Reproduction of the Sponge
Sponges will release sperm into its central cavity to float out
The sperm finds the egg in another sponge and fuses with it to create a Zygote
the Zygote will turn into a larvae and then will swim to a new area
Describe the Asexual Reproduction
A Small Protuberance will grow until it’s a new complete organism
What will all the other animals classified as…
Eumetazoans
The ancient group of aquatic invertebrates that are radially symmetrical and capture their prey with a ring of stinging tentacles
Cnidarians
How do Cnldocytes get their prey?
They trap their prey and penetrates prey and injects toxin
Cnidarians have two main bodies… what are their names?
polyp, Medusa
What is the Polyp-
Cylindrical with mouth surrounds by tentacles, mouth faces up.
What is the Medusa?
Umbrella Shape with mouth surrounded by tentacles on one side
Cnidarians are divided into 5 Classes, what are those 5 classes… What are those 5 classes?
Anthozoa, Cubozoa, Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa, Staurozoa
Define the Anthozoa?
Usually sessile (Attach to the sea bed), Larvae form is free swimming,
What are Adult Anthozoa labels as
Polyps
What does the Anthozoa include
Sea anemones and corals
What is coral bleaching?
When corals are stressed by changes in conditions such as temperature,
Define Cubozoa…
They have a box shaped medusa stage with 4 sets of tentacles equidistant apart (some of the most venomous marine animals are in this group)
Hydrozoa
many live in colonies, can be floaters
What is the Hydrozoa similar to?
to coral
What is a prime example of Hydrozoa
Freshwater hydra species
The stalked jellies, They stay in their medusa form, but they look like a polyp they have a stalked medusa form
Staurozoan
What is the name of a stalked medusa form jelly fish
Staurozoan
Which group contains the True Jellies?
Scyphozoan
What stays in there medusa forms in adulthood?
Scyphozoan
Which group is pelagic and free swimming
Scyphozoan
What does the phylum Playhelminthes contains
20,000 Ciliated, soft bodied, flattened animals
Describe the Flatworm
Are bilateral in symmetry and are acoelomate
What does a Platyhelminthes lack or not have
Nervous systems incomplete digestive system only one opening
what are the three classes of Platyhelminthes
turbellaria, cestoda , Trematoda
What is Turbellarias function
Excretion of metabolic waste.
What is cestodas function
Absorb nutrients from the host's alimentary tract
Turbellaria
Free living flatworms
Cestoda
Tapeworms
Trematoda
Flukes
What is Trematoda function
Protects organism for the enviorment
Endoparasites that vary in size well developed regions called scolex,
Parasitic Tapeworms
What is a scolex
Bears hooks and suckers for attachment
The smallest bio unit of life
Cells
Group of similar cells preforming similar functions
Tissue
Types of Tissue each together to preform a specific action with an organisms
Organ
Group of organs that work together to perform a specific action within an organism
Organ system
Covers the body surfaces and lines body cavities
Epithelial Tissue
Binds and supports body parts
Connective tissue
Moves the body and its parts
Muscular Tissue
Receives stimuli and conducts nerve impulses
Nervous tissue
Flattened cells, lines blood vessels and areas of gas exchange
Squamous
Cube shaped, lines the lumen (a portion of the kidney)
Cuboidal
Rectangular columns: have nuclei located in the bottom of the pillar, lines the digestive tract
Columnar
Maintenance of the relatively constant conditions of the internal environment
Homeostasis
Primary mechanism behind homeostasis,
Negative feedback
The product dampens the original stimulus
Negative feedback
What’s one example of negative feedback
Pancreas detects blood sugar is too high
2 components to negative feedback:
Sensor, Control Center
Sensor
Detects internal change
Control Center
Initiates the effect to bring conditions back to normal
4 types of tissues?
Connective, Epithelial, Nervous, Muscular
How do you differentiate the muscle tissues?
Skeletal, Smooth, Cardiac
What are neuroglia?
Any of the cells that hold nerve cells in place and help them work the way they should.
What is our fat storage tissue called?
Adipose tissue
What is the most rigid type of connective tissue?
Bone
What is active movement?
Voluntary and independent muscle contractions
Coelomates with a complete digestive tract
Molluscs
Internal Organs
Visceral Mass
Muscular portion for movement
Foot
Envelopes but does not enclose visceral mass
Mantle
Nudibranchs, conchs, and snails
Gastropods
Octopuses, squids, and nautiluses
Cephalopods
Note 
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