Studied by 18 people
What is Tidal Volume?
Normal breathing moves about 500ml of air with each breath
What is Residual Volume?
after exhalation, about 1200 ml of air remains in the lungs
What is Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
Amount of air that can be taken in forcibly over the tidal volume. (Usually between 2100 and 3200 ml)
What is Expiratory reserve volume (ERV)
Amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled. (Approximately 1200 ml)
What is Vital Capacity
The total amount of exchangeable air.
Vital capacity = Inspiratory reserve volume + tidal volume + expiratory reserve volume
What is Total lung capacity?
The sum of all lung volumes.
Total Lung Capacity = Vital capacity + residual volume
What is a diaphragm?
the dome-shaped skeletal muscle that forms the floor of the thoracic cavity
What happens to diaphragm during inspiration?
It contracts
When does a diaphragm relax?
during exhalation
Give some factors that can cause shortness of breath
advanced pregnancy
obesity
confining clothing
increased stomach size by impeding the descent of the diaphragm
What is Pulmonary ventilation?
Moving air in and out of lungs
What is external respiration?
gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli
What is internal respiration?
Gas exchange between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries
What is Inspiration?
the flow of air into the lung
What happens during inspiration?
Diaphragm and intercostal muscles contract
The size of the thoracic cavity increases
External air is pulled into the lungs due to an increase in intrapulmonary volume
What is expiration?
air leaving lungs
What happens during expiration?
Largely a passive process which depends on natural lung elasticity
As muscles relax, air is pushed out of the lungs
Forced expiration can occur mostly by contracting internal intercostal muscles to depress the rib cage
What is Boyle’s Law
P1v1 = P2V2
Note
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