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What is sociology
Study of social LCC on human behavior
What does LCC acronym mean
Sociology studies social Life, Change, and Causes
What does it mean to study institutions?
Study networks of structures in society that works to socialize groups of people, where we are socialized
Examples of institutions
Family, peer, school, media, religion, government, work
What is socialization
How you learn societal expectations and behaviors
Sociology vs other subjects
Anthro: past and present culture vs OUR CULTURE
Economics: choices vs choices made as result of society
Polisci: govt implementation vs how policies shape experience
Psych: individual behavior and mental processes, how social env affects individual vs how society impacts people
What are the BIG 3 Perspectives?
Structural functionalism
Conflict Theory
Symbolic Interactionism
What is structural functionalism?
Problems are connected and need to all be addressed to see equilibrium (part t
What is conflict theory?
Those in power fuel inequalities by ensuring they stay in power
What is symbolic interactionism?
We interpret things b
Metaphors for BIG 3
Conflict Theory: kid win toy and change rule to keep winning toy
Structural Functionalism: like a body, organs need to work together
Symbolic Interactionism: identity
How does $2 a book relate to BIG 3
Structural Functionalism: big problem is poverty but factors include TANF (change welfare), housing (unaffordable, not enough, bad landlords), unemployment (bad work conditions, lose hours and thus income, racist employers), bad home life (subject to abuse, mental illness) = chronic stress
Conflict Theory: rich are dominant and control the playing field for poor by enacting laws such as TANF, white are dominant and control hiring by more likely to choose white sounding workers
Symbolic Interactionism: story of Jennifer: her child was assaulted, had to keep moving around and depending on others because can’t afford own housing => powerlessness, story of Rae who was rejected from a bunch of jobs just because she was black
4 Types of Research
Survey (quantitative)
Ethnography (qualitative)
Interview (qualitative)
Content Analysis (qualitative)
Different types of surveys
Mail. Online, in person, phone
Problem with survey research
Self report = bias, some people might not be available to respond at certain time (demographic difference)
What is ethnography
Study people in their natural state
What is the problem of ethnography
Behavior might change when they are being observed (Hawthorne effect)
What is the problem with interview?
Social desirability bias: people tend to choose socially acceptable answer
What is content analysis
Existing document to derive meaning
Breach vs Audit Experiment
Breach: investigates when people violate social norms in natural settings
Audit: experiment used to test for discriminatory behavior
What is the sociological imagination?
Connects personal troubles with public issues
Interaction between biography and history (personal and social change)
Make choices limited by social, historical, cultural, political, and economic factors
4 relationships between society and self in sociological imagination
Wellbeing: cherish values without threat
Crisis: Cherished values are threatened
Indifference: no values no threat
Unease: no values but threat
When does indifference usually happen?
After a time of great turmoil (ex after WWII) => normlessness
Cultural socialization in black middle class family
Middle class black family train kids to enjoy fine art, which is a form of cultural capital that can be exchanged for high class
Socialization of straightedge subculture
Lasting impact of living substance free= made people more open minded
What sociological concept does “Well Chris in Undies” and “CV/N and WOT/WT” stand for
Wellbeing (CVWOT)
Crisis (CVWT)
Indifference (NVWOT)
Unease (NVWT)
In sociological imagination relationships
What do sociologists study vs don’t study
Study = ideas that can be studied objectively, including common sense assumptions
don’t study= philosophy and morals
What are sociological theories
Propositions that seek to explain social world and predict future events
Other names for sociological theory
Approaches, schools of thought, paradigms, perspectives
What are the two recurrent themes in sociological theories?
Consensus and conflict
Consensus vs conflict
Consensus: what people bond over
Conflict: inequality and power
How and when did sociology emerge?
19th century after French and Industrial Revolution
founded by Auguste Comte => study science of man using scientific approaches, work for betterment of society
How do functionalists describe society
Using functional or dysfunctional
Functional vs dysfunctional
Functional: contribute to group stability
Dysfunctional: disrupt social stability
Two types of functions
Manifest: intended, commonly recognized
Latent: unintended and often hidden m
How would you apply manifest and latent functions in institutions such as school?
Manifest: teach kids
Latent: socialize kids
Anomie
Concept of normlessness
How do you counteract anomie
Build social solidarity society agrees upon and works together to achieve
Mechanical solidarity
When people in society maintain similar values and engage in similar work (soup)
Organic solidarity
People in society are interdependent but have varying values and beliefs (salad bowl)
Spurious correlation
Relationship that seems to exist but is actually caused by external variable
Population vs sample
Population: people are the focus of rhe study
Sample: manageable number of subjects who represent a larger population
What does ASA do
American sociological association
Develops code of ethics to avoid bias and adhere to professional standards
Institutional review board
Meet regularly to review research proposals and make recommendations for how to protect human subjects at uni
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