ch 7: therapy

Dorthea Dix

american woman who founded humane movements to care for the mentally sick

medical model

disorders have causes that can be diagnosed and treated (emphasis on treated)

psychotherapy

verbal interactions between a trained professional and a person (client) to treat psychological disorder

biomedical therapy

involves use of drugs and other medical procedures to treat psychological disorders

Sigmund Frued

who developed psychoanalysis

resistance

client’s unwillingness to discuss issues raised during free association

transference

client transfers emotions associated with other relationships onto the therapist

anxiety, mild depression, and conflict

what does psychoanalysis treat

takes a long time, hard to prove that it works

what are some criticisms that psychoanalysis works

goals of humanistic

boost self-fulfillment by helping people grow in self-awareness and self-acceptance

Carl Rogers

developed person-centered therapy

person centered therapy

where the client and therapist are equals

non directive, active listening, mirroring, paraphrasing

techniques used in person-centered therapy

active listening techniques

paying attention

show that youre listening

suspend judgement

ask questions

pay attention

make eye contact, ignore distractions, remember it’s about the speaker

show you are listening

use body language, nodding

suspend judgement

don’t judge speaker, avoid giving unsolicited advice

ask questions

think about what is being said and ask questions to clarify

mirroring

way to process information by repeating exactly what was said

paraphrasing

repeating the speaker’s message in your own words

behavior therapy goals

elimination of unwanted behaviors and encouragement of wanted behaviors

exposure therapy

treatment that exposes people to fear they experience avoidance in to reduce stress

aversive therapy

a type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with unwanted behavior

Aaron Beck

founder of cognitive therapies

goals of CBT

to change thought processes, specifically negative ones

assumptions of CBT

our thoughts control our emotions

techniques of CBT

patient records thoughts, therapist reviews thoughts then corrects

cognitive distortions

illogical thoughts that cause distress

polarized thinking

when you have an “all or nothing”/ “black and white” thinking pattern; desire to be perfect or that you are a complete failure

overgeneralization

focuses on a single event and makes a conclusion based on a single piece of negative evidence; incorrectly conclude similar events going forward will result in the same negative experience

jumping to conclusions

mind reading, fortune telling

catastrophizing

magnification (over-exaggeration which can lead to worry of worst-case scenario) and minimization (minimizing positive experiences, importance of positive qualities is diminished)

group therapy

therapy that consists of 6-9 people over a 90 minute session to help more people and it costs less; benefit from knowing you are not alone

family therapy

therapy that treats the family as a system; guides individual to positive relationships and improved communication

play therapy

therapy where it is a safe space for kids to express their thoughts and feelings

sand tray therapy

expressive therapy that provides the sensory experience, allowing an individual to create their own world where they can express or reflect life challenges

EMDR

eye movement desensitization and reprocessing

PTSD

what is one of the disorders EMDR can help treat

clinical psychologists

PhD, experts in research, assessment, psychological testing, and therapy

clinical social workers

Masters; provide psychotherapy and can work in a variety of different settings

Licensed Counselors, Marriage, and Family Therapists

Masters; provide psychotherapy

psychiatrist

MD; specialize in treatment of disorders and can prescribe medication

pastoral counselors

Masters (seminary); practice pastoral counseling

substance abuse counselor

masters; treat substance abuse

biomedical therapies

drug therapy, brain stimulation, and psychosurgery

psychopharmacology

study of drug effects on mind and behavior

electroconvulsive therapy

an electric current that passes through the brain, used to treat MDD, not much is known on how it works

lobotomy

where an icepick is driven through the eye sockets to sever connections from pre-frontal lobes to inner brain