METADATA

Metadata

is often defined as "data about data." It refers to information that

provides context, description, and details about other data, helping users

understand, manage, and use that data effectively.

Metadata

serves to annotate and describe data, making it more

accessible, searchable, and usable. It plays a crucial role in various

fields, including information management, data organization, and digital

systems.

Descriptive Metadata

Provides information about the intellectual content of a digital object. The most important element of descriptive metadata is a resource identifier that uniquely identifies the object.

descriptive metadata elements

include title, author, date of publication, subject, publisher and description.

descriptive metadata elements

support the discovery and locating of digital resources. It is also used to document and track the intellectual provenance (e.g., origin, enhancement and annotation) of digital resources, which is very important for certain kinds of research collections.

Structural Metadata

provides valuable information that helps to establish the relationship between objects. This enables users to understand and make use of the data resource effectively.

Structural Metadata

also provides information on the hierarchical structures between different data resources.

Organization

Metadata provides essential information about data, making it easier to organize

and locate specific files or content. Without metadata, finding and managing data would be much

more challenging.

Search and Retrieval

When searching for specific information, metadata enables users to locate

relevant data quickly, saving time and effort.

Context

Metadata offers context about the data, such as when it was created, who created it, and its purpose. This context is valuable for understanding the data's relevance and reliability.

Quality Control

It can include information about data quality, data sources, and data transformations, ensuring the reliability and accuracy of the information.

Interoperability

Metadata facilitates data exchange between different systems and applications

by providing a standardized way to describe data. This interoperability is essential for data

integration and analysis.

Preservation

Metadata can document data provenance and preservation strategies, ensuring data remains accessible and meaningful over time.

Security

Metadata can include access permissions and restrictions, helping to protect sensitive information and control who can access and modify data.

Compliance

In various industries and sectors, metadata is crucial for compliance with regulations and standards. It ensures that data is managed, stored, and shared in accordance with legal requirements.

Metadata

is used whenever there is a need to provide additional information about data, enhance

data organization and retrieval, or maintain data security. Its application makes it a valuable tool for

managing and utilizing a piece or multiple information effectively.

Elements

Metadata is divided into discrete ________, each of which provides information about a specific aspect of the data or resource being described.

Schema

is a set of rules and guidelines that define the structure and semantics of metadata elements. Each schema defines which elements are mandatory, optional, and repeatable, and it provides guidelines for encoding and formatting metadata.

Schema

DCMI, MODS

Elements

-Title

-Author

• Date

Element Value

contains the specific information relevant to

that element. For example, in a Dublin Core metadata record, the "Title" element might have the value "Introduction to

Metadata."

Encoding Standards

Metadata elements and their values are organized within a structured document using these encoding standards.

• XML (extensible mark up language)

• JSON ( JavaScript Object Notation)

Metadata Records

provides a comprehensive description of a particular resource, dataset, or object. These _______ can be standalone documents or embedded within the resource they describe.

Metadata Vocabulary

Defines the terms and controlled vocabularies used within metadata elements. It ensures consistency and standardization in how information is described.

Relationships

Metadata elements may have relationships with one another to convey more complex information.

Extensibility

Metadata schemas often allow for extensibility, allowing users to add custom elements or qualifiers when the standard schema doesn't cover specific requirements.

BUSINESS METADATA

Concerned with giving data meaning in the context of the organization. Provides information authored by executives and used by businesspeople. Contrast with TECHNICAL METADATA, used in the storage and structure of the data in a database.

BUSINESS METADATA

Includes information such as:

a. Glossary

b. Business Definition

c. Business Rules

d. Data Domain

TECHNICAL METADATA

technical aspects of data, such as data structures, storage, format, and data processing. Plays a

vital role in managing, and effectively utilizing data within an organization.

TECHNICAL METADATA

technical attributes that are necessary for data presentation, manipulation, and analysis, such as data type, field length, content profiling, lineage, and more.

TECHNICAL METADATA

Includes information such as:

a. Data Models

b. Credentials

c. Data Lineage

d. Mapping

e. Schemas

f. Attributes

OPERATIONAL METADATA

Includes information about how and when data was created and transformed. It helps in managing, scheduling, and monitoring the flow of data.

OPERATIONAL METADATA

Racks everything related to the flow of data throughout its lifecycle.

OPERATIONAL METADATA

Includes information such as:

a. DQ Metrics

b. Runtime Data

Data Description

Describes data, providing information about its content, structure, and format. This helps users understand what the data is and how it can be used.

Data Discovery

Enables efficient data discovery and retrieval. It helps users and systems locate specific data among vast collections, reducing search time and increasing efficiency.

Data Management

Aids in data organization and management. It can include information about data ownership, access rights, data lineage, and data versioning.

Data Preservation

Presentations are communication tools that can be used as lectures, speeches, reports, and more.

Data Quality

It can contain information about data quality, such as data source, accuracy, completeness, and data validation rules. This helps users assess the reliability of the data.

Data Integration

Helps ensure that the data is correctly mapped and integrated. It provides the necessary information to understand how different datasets relate to each other.

Data Security

Include information about data sensitivity, access controls, and encryption. This helps in enforcing data security policies and access restrictions.

Data Governance

Plays a crucial role in data governance by documenting data policies, standards, and compliance requirements. It helps organizations maintain data quality and regulatory compliance.

Digital Asset Management

stores information about image, audio, or video files, including details like copyright, resolution, authorship, and creation date.

Search Engine Optimization

On the web, metadata, such as meta tags and descriptions, is used to improve the visibility and search engine ranking of web pages.

Machine Learning and AI

is essential for training machine learning models. It provides labeled examples, features, and context, which are crucial for building and evaluating models.

Content Management

In content management systems, metadata helps categorize and organize content, making it easier to manage large volumes of information.

Archiving and Retrieval

In digital libraries and archives, metadata is used to index and retrieve documents, ensuring that users can locate and access specific items efficiently.

Data Analysis

In data analytics, metadata can provide information about data transformations, preprocessing steps, and data lineage, helping analysts understand and reproduce analyses.

User Experience

In user interfaces and applications, metadata can enhance the user experience by providing helpful information, such as tooltips, labels, and contextual guidance.

METADATA ENCODING & TRANSMISSION

Is a data encoding and transmission specification, expressed in XML, that provides the means to convey the metadata necessary for both the management of digital objects within a repository and the exchange of such objects between repositories (or between repositories and their users).

METS XML schema

was created in 2001 under the sponsorship of the Digital Library Federation (DLF), is supported by the Library of Congress as its maintenance agency and is governed by the METS Editorial Board. In 2004 it received NISO Registration, which was renewed in 2006.

<metsHdr>

METS header

<metsHdr>

The root element establishes the container for the information being stored and/or transmitted by the standard.

<metsHdr>

It captures metadata about the METS document itself, not the digital object the METS document encodes

<dmdSec>

Descriptive Metadata

<dmdSec>

records descriptive metadata pertaining to the METS object as a whole or one of its components. Multiple descriptive metadata sections are allowed so that descriptive metadata can be recorded for each separate item or component within the METS document.

<amdSec>

Administrative Metadata

<amdSec>

Contains the administrative metadata pertaining to the digital object, its components and any original source material from which the digital object is derived.

<fileSec>

Provide an inventory of and the location for the content files that comprise the digital object being described in the METS document.

<fileSec>

File Section

<structMap>

Structural Map

<structMap>

is the heart of a METS document. It provides a means for organizing the digital content represented by the elements in the of the METS document into a coherent hierarchical structure.

<structLink>

allows for the specification of hyperlinks between the different components of a METS structure that are delineated in a structural map

<behaviorSec>

Behavioral

<behaviorSec>

associates executable behaviors with content in the METS document by means of a repeatable behavior element.

Metadata for a Document

Document metadata provides additional information on a document for additional context. This information is useful in classification, search, and retrieval. Metadata includes details such as the author of the document, size, and title.

Social Metadata

refers to data added to a piece of content by others besides the content creator, such as tags, ratings, and comments.

Metadata in HTML

HTML code is embedded into a website to provide additional essential information to the website. A meta tag is used to provide this additional information. Meta tags are placed inside the header of the document. They can have information such as the title and author of the website.

Metadata in a Relational Database

Relational databases are used to store and provide access to metadata in a structure known as a data dictionary. The data dictionary holds metadata information about tables, columns, data types, constraints, table relationships, views, and indexes.

Metadata in an Email

message headers of emails sent or received consist of metadata fields that are not visible in the mail client. Emails consist of metadata such as the date and time when the email was received – examples of this include the email addresses of the sender, the receiver, their names, the title, and the email’s subject.

Geospatial Metadata

Describes geographic objects such as maps and data sets. It often describes the who, when, where, what, why, and how of geographic information system (GIS) files.

Metadata

forms the foundation of several advanced data-driven functionalities, from data meshes and fabrics to data lakes and warehouses.