Intracellular Transport

In order for muscle cells to contract, which motor protein must interact with Actin Filaments?

Myosin

Which energy source enables the motor proteins to transport substances by moving along the microtubule surface?

ATP

Which process enables beta cells to export many copies of the insulin hormone molecule simultaneously?

Exocytosis

___enables the cell membrane to export large molecules & large particles.

Exocytosis

What enables the cell to recognize a specific molecule or particle and import it?

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Which process enables cells to sample the substances in the extracellular fluid (ECF) that surrounds cells?

Pinocytosis

Which process enables the cell membrane to import large substances that cannot be transported by channel or carrier proteins?

Endocytosis

Motor proteins ___ to the substances they transport internally

Attach

Endocytosis enables the cell to ___ larger substances & import them.

Surround (Engulf)

___is the type of endocytosis that enables single cells species to import food

Phagocytosis (Cellular-Eating)

What happens to the food that single-cell species import in phagocytosis?

It is delivered to the lysosome (“Stomach of the Cell” for digestion)

What type of endocytosis imports substances (solutes) in extracellular fluid?

Pinocytosis (Cellular-Drinking)

What enables macrophages to import bacteria & viruses for destruction?

Phagocytosis

Phagocytosis enables ___ to import and eliminate foreign invaders

White blood cells

Phagocytosis enables the elimination of ___ in the body

Debris

___are transport compartments (“Small Bladders”) that contain one or more substances.

Vesicles

Some cells located in Naza’s derrière became either defected or died after her tragically mis landed long jump. Simultaneously, she is now sick, and harmful substances and dead pathogens are attacking her body! What can possibly enable this situation to be fixed?

Phagocytosis enables the white blood cells to import dead and defective cells as well as the dead pathogens and harmful substances to be eliminated!

___enables the movement of large quantities of H20 & other materials. This is a form of which type of endocytosis?

Bulk Transport; Pinocytosis

Ions such as Ca++, Cl-, Fe++ and other large charged particles can be imported into the cell by…

Pinocytosis

What enables the cell to retrieve what and other useful substances form the urine?

Pinocytosis

Pinocytosis maintains the tissue ___levels and cellular ___

Fluid;homeostasis

Pinocytosis enables ___ surveillance

Immune Surveillance

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis enables the transport of specific large particles such as…

___attached to harmful substances

___(HDL, LDL) that transport triglycerides and cholesterol among cells and organs

__molecules like hormones

___particles that transport Iron (Fe) Atoms

Antibodies; Lipoproteins; Signal; Transferrin

Antibody import defects reduce immunity

Endocrine system (hormone) disruption

Increased risk of plaque formation in blood vessels

These are all the impacts of…

Defective Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Some ___ stimulate LDL import by receptor-mediated endocytosis

Pharmaceuticals

___enables…

Endocrine cells to release hormones

Neurons to release neurotransmitters

Cells to release indigestible waste products for disposal

Exocytosis

Describe the process of transport for vesicles containing molecules to be exported

Vesicles containing molecules that need to be exported are transported to the cell membrane. They then fuse with the cell membrane and discharge the contents into the extracellular fluid (ECF)

In order to export materials from the cell, vesicles must…

Fuse with the cell membrane

What is the dynamic structural support system of the eukaryotic cell?

Cytoskeleton

What three types of protein filaments form the cytoskeleton?

Actin Filaments (Microfilaments)

Intermediate Filaments

Microtubules

The Cytoskeleton forms the ___ ___ network

Internal Transport

Dyneins, Kinesins, and Myosins are all ___

Motor proteins

ATP energies the ___ of motor proteins

Movement

Which motor proteins use the energy of ATP to move along microtubules?

Dynein

Which motor proteins use the energy of ATP to move along actin filaments?

Myosin

___proteins connect motor proteins to transport vesicles, organelles, and other cellular particles

Adapter

___filaments and ___motor proteins enable muscle cell contraction

Actin; Myosin

What is another name for actin filaments?

Microfilaments

Actin filaments and Myosin enable ___ in plant, algae, and fungi cells

Cytoplasmic Streaming