Globalization in the context of imperialism → different types of imperialism
Process:
External to the economy: outside of the economic system, no division of labour
Trade: surplus, luxury goods → not things people build the economy around
Incorporation: must start responding to market
Peripheralization process: is not a stable status, constantly evolving
Process of normal economic capitalist development
Building of a globalized world
Many states start as peripheral states → source of cheap resources
Vasco de Gama: arrives in India and buys an enormous quantity of spices → massive profits
1526: Northern India → becomes a big empire, built through military conquest
1650: Europeans traders start requiring passports for Indian traders for them to trade
Multicultural world!
1720: peasants rebellion
1750: Europe operates at a constant deficit → more money going into India than going out
Economic decline - recession in Europe
Want to start using gold in India
1757: England captures Bangladesh
1800s: Indian exports are now raw resources (indigo, silk…), unlike before!
Starvation → millions of deaths
Coercion of labour: Europeans change the land-holding system
Land can now be sold (landlords + rents)
Full ownership of property with the right to sell it
If you don’t make your rent: Europeans take your land, and you need to find a job (you become a worker)
Europeans advance money + impose strict disciplinary measures
Only people still working on the land are those who can make profits
Farmers are not producing food, so it’s difficult to sustain themselves
Cash crops: only system that works and allows you to pay rent and keep your land