Anatomy~ Chapter 10

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16 Terms

1

Three types of muscle tissue

Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth.

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2

Functions of muscle

Movement, Stability, Control of body openings and passages, Heat production.

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3

Excitability (responsiveness)

The property of muscle to react to stimuli.

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4

Contractility

The ability of muscle to shorten when stimulated.

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5

Voluntary muscle

Muscle that can be consciously controlled, e.g., skeletal muscle.

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6

Involuntary muscle

Muscle that cannot be consciously controlled, e.g., cardiac and smooth muscle.

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7

Striated muscle

Muscle that has a patterned appearance due to the arrangement of myofilaments, e.g., skeletal and cardiac muscle.

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8

Myofilaments

Contractile proteins within muscle fibers; includes thick myofilaments (myosin) and thin myofilaments (actin).

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9

Sarcomere

The basic structural and functional unit of muscle, defined by the Z disc.

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10

Neuromuscular junction

The synapse between a motor neuron and a muscle fiber, where neurotransmitters are released.

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11

Myopathy

Diseases of muscle, including muscular dystrophy and myasthenia gravis.

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12

Myosin

A thick myofilament that forms cross-bridges with actin during muscle contraction.

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13

Actin

A thin myofilament involved in muscle contraction; exists in fibrous (F) and globular (G) forms.

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14

Troponin

A regulatory protein that attaches to tropomyosin and binds calcium during muscle contraction.

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15

Cardiac muscle characteristics

Striated, involuntary, typically mononucleated, with intercalated discs.

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16

Smooth muscle characteristics

Non-striated, involuntary, fusiform shape, and can be categorized as multiunit or unitary.

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