Chem: VSEPR & Polarity Test

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Description and Tags

Bond types, electronegativity, molecular Geometry, VSEPR, and Naming compounds

Chemistry

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26 Terms

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asymmetrial

lack of symmetry in a molecule

<p>lack of symmetry in a molecule</p>
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bond location

independent of the number of bonds at that location- whether single, double, or triple, its seen as one

<p>independent of the number of bonds at that location- whether single, double, or triple, its seen as one</p>
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bonding pair

electron pair being shared between two atoms

<p>electron pair being shared between two atoms</p>
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dipole-dipole

force between 2 oppositely-charged ends of 2 polar molecules

<p>force between 2 oppositely-charged ends of 2 polar molecules</p>
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electronegativity

relative ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond

<p>relative ability of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond</p>
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electron affinity

measures the tendency of an atom to acceptan electron

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electron domain

the number of lone pairs or bond locations around a particular atom

<p>the number of lone pairs or bond locations around a particular atom</p>
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molecular shape

linear, trigonal planar, bent, tetrahedral, trigonal pyramid, trigonal bipyramid, see saw, T shape, octahedral, square pyramid, square planar

<p>linear, trigonal planar, bent, tetrahedral, trigonal pyramid, trigonal bipyramid, see saw, T shape, octahedral, square pyramid, square planar </p>
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electron geometry

linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramid, and octahedral

<p>linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, trigonal bipyramid, and octahedral </p>
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hybridization

concept of mixing 2 atomic orbitals to give rise to a new type of hybridized orbitals

<p>concept of mixing 2 atomic orbitals to give rise to a new type of hybridized orbitals </p>
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intermolecular forces

london dispersion forces, dipole-dipole, and hydrogen bonding; forces that mediate interactions between molecules

<p>london dispersion forces, dipole-dipole, and hydrogen bonding; forces that mediate interactions between molecules </p>
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intramolecular forces

force that holds atoms together to form a molecule; covalent, ionic, and metallic

<p>force that holds atoms together to form a molecule; covalent, ionic, and metallic</p>
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lone pair

pair of valence electrons that aren’t shared with another atom in a covalent bond

<p>pair of valence electrons that aren’t shared with another atom in a covalent bond</p>
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polar covalent

0.5-1.7

<p>0.5-1.7 </p>
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nonpolar covalent

<0.5

<p>&lt;0.5</p>
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symmetrical

certain parts of a molecule can be interchanged with others without altering it

<p>certain parts of a molecule can be interchanged with others without altering it</p>
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VSEPR

valence, shell, electron, pair, repulsion; used to find out what the molecule would look like in 3-D

<p>valence, shell, electron, pair, repulsion; used to find out what the molecule would look like in 3-D</p>
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<0.5

nonpolar covalent

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0.5-1.7

polar covalent

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>1.7

ionic

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VSEPR/molecular shapes

1 domain: AX, 1 BP 0 LP, MS: linear, EG: linear, Hybridization: s, angle: 180

2 domains: AX2, 2 BP 0 LP, MS: linear, EG: linear, Hybridization: sp, angle: 180

2 Domains: AXE, 1 BP 1 LP, MS: linear, EG: linear, Hybridization: sp, angle: 180

3 domains: AX3, 3 BP 0LP, MS: trigonal planar, EG: trigonal planar, Hybridization: sp2, angle: 120

AX2E, 2 BP 1 LP, MS: bent, EG: trigonal planar, Hybridization: sp2, angle: 120

AXE2, 1 BP 2 LP, MS: linear, EG: trigonal planar, Hybridization: sp2, angle: 120

4 domains: AX4, 4 BP 0 LP, MS: tetrahedral, EG: tetrahedral, Hybridization: sp3, angle 109.5

AX3E, 3 BP 1 LP, MS: trigonal pyramid, EG: tetrahedral, Hybridization: sp3, angle: 109.5

AX2E2, 2 BP 2 LP, MS: bent, EG: tetrahedral, Hybridization: sp3, angle: 109.5

AXE3, 1 BP 3 LP, MS: linear, EG: tetrahedral, Hybridization: sp3, angle 109.5

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characteristics of a covalent bond

state at room temp: gases, liquids, or low-melting solids

solubility: soluble in organic liquids

formation: formed between two nonmetals

conductivity: doesn’t conduct electricity

boiling point: low

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determine a symmetrical or asymmetrical molecule

Non polar molecules are symmetric with no unshared electrons. Polar molecules are asymmetric, either containing lone pairs of electrons on a central atom or having atoms with different electronegativities

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weakest to strongest intermolecular forces

van der waals, dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonds, ion-dipole and then ion-ion

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Percy Julian: compounds discovered & synthesized

physostigmine, drug that treats glaucoma

stigmasterol, bean oil extract used to make steroid

progesterone, sex hormone

hydrocortisone, synthesized and treats arthritis

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Percy Julian: key events + places in his life

high school diploma: montgomery, alabama, 1916

college education: depauw Uni, 1920

M.A. degree: Harvard, 1923

Ph.D. in chem: university of Vienna, 1931

Chemistry instructor: Fisk Uni, 1932

Chemistry department head: West Virginia state cell, 1923

Research fellow: DePauw Uni, 1933

Director of research: Chicago, 1936

Julian Lab established: Chicago, 1953

Julian Research Institute: Chicago, 1961