Northern Italy

L3

DOP Translation

denominazione di origine protetta

DOC translation

denominazione di origine controllata

docg translation

denominazione di origine controllata e garantita

what are docg subject to

ministry of agriculture tasting

other version of igp that is traditionally used

igt indicazione geografica tipica

what does classico refer to

acknowledges wine made solely from original classified land

riserva acknowledgement

higher alc and longer ageing than minimum stipulated laws

NI river

River Po

glacial lake in NI

lake garda

how does alps affect weather

creates barrier that extends length of border

what does po and garda provide

moderating influence

issue of vineyards close to sea and why

higher rainfall so fungal diseases

name of common trellising system in NI

pergola

how does pergola trellising work

vine canopy trained high with fruit hanging below a lower canopy

what benefits of pergola trellising

protects from sunburn and air can circulate (lower rot risk)

2 times pergolas are commonly used

high acidity and low sugar levels for sparkling wine and when made from dried grapes

now common training technique

VSP Training

name of italy’s most northern wine region

Alto Adige

which town is alto adige centred around

bolzano

what river is alto adige planted on

adige

climate of alto adige

moderate, short dry summers, low rainfall, large dirunal range due to altitude

most notable white grape in alto adige

pinot grigio

style of PG from alto adige

light to med body, high acidity and citrus green fruit

3 other white grape varieties from alto adige

gewurztraminer, chardonnay, pinot blanc

red grape that dominates in alto adige

schiava

style of schiava from alto adige

light, fruity, low to med tannin, raspberries and plums

what are almost all wines labelled as

alto adige doc

region directly south of alto adige

trentino

valley description of trentino

very wide, planted on slopes and valley floor

warmer or colder than alte adige

warmer

3 reasons trentino is warmer than alto adige

lower altitude, southerly latitude and mountains on west side protect from lake garda cooling influence

2 main varieties from trentino

chard and pg

style of grapes from valley floor

med body, med acidity ripe stone fruit

two red grapes produced in trentino

merlot and teroldego

style of teroldego

deep colour, med to high tannins, high acidity, med to full body aromas of black fruit

location of friuli venezia giulia in italy

north east

climate of friuli venezia giulia

moderate and continental, cooled by cold air from mountains

what sea are most south vineyards based

near adriatic sea

most prevelant two grapes in friuli venezia

merlot and pinot grigio

pg from friuli venezia

richest, med to full body, juicy peach and tropical fruit flavour

style of merlot from fruili venezia

med body, med acidity, tannins, ripe red fruit, hint of spice from oak

native white grape to friuli venezia

friulano

style of friulano

med to high acidity, med body, pear, red apples and herbs

two regions in hills of friuli that are more premium white wines

collio doc and colli orientali doc

does collio or colli oriental also produce premium red wines

colli oriental

two best known wines from veneto

soave and valpolicella

geography of veneto

extends from lake garda in west to venice in east and foothills of alps to flat plains of Po in south

climate of veneto

warm, mod rainfall, cooling influence from altitude, vineyards hard large diuranal range and breezes from Lake Garda cool

what is veneto flat plain affected by

moist air and fog from river po

what needs to be done to couteract this moist air on the flat plain

increased sprays to combat disease and rot

3 international grape varieties grown on the flat plain that are inexpensive

pinogrigio, chard and merlot

3 italian grape varieties grown on flat plain

corvina, garganega and trebbiano

type of soil at foothills for soave

limestone, clay and volcanic rock

temp of soave soil and effect this has

cool, together with altitude influence, slows down ripening leading to fuller flavour and yet high acidity

types on soil on soave plain

sandy alluvial soils

style of wines from these sandy plain soils in soave

med acidity and meant to be drunk young

style of garganega

med to high acid, med body, aromas of pear, red apple and stone fruit, white pepper

does garganega typically show signs of oak

no

2 tertiarty of garganega

almond and honey

label of grapes made from entire region

soave doc

label of grapes made from foothills

soave classico doc

what topography is valpolicella similar to

soave

main grape in valipolicella

corvina

style of corvina

thin skin, moderate colur, low to med tannin and high acidity

how to increase colour and tannin of corvina

blend with local varieties

label of wines from entire region called

valipolicella

wines from foothills of valpolicella called

valpolicella classico doc

style of valpolicella classico doc

simple, fruity, light tannins, red cherry, rarely oaked, drink immediately

soave vs valpolicella in relation to verona

east vs west

name of 2 methods associted with veneto

passito and ripasso

what does passito method do

increase structure and flavour (and colour for red wines)

order for passito method

grapes picked early when still have high acidity, dried indoors so concentrating flavours and sugar. fermentation then in winter months

name of two types of passito wine

amarone and recioto

style of amarone

dry or off dry, full body, high alc, med to high tannin, red berry and spice

what is amarone usually aged in

large oak casks

types of grapes that recioto is made from

sweet wines that are so sweet fermentation stopped

style of recioto

sweet, intense red fruit, high alc, fully body, med to high tannin

what other region makes a sweet recioto

soave

what grape skins does ripasso method use

fermenting aramone

method for ripasso

shortly before fermentation is finished the amarone is drained off skins, skins are remained unpressed and added to vat of valpolicella that has finished fermentation. yeast also transferre which ferments remaining sugar on the grape skins

style of ripasso valpolicella

med to full body, med to high tannin, stewed red cherries and plums

location of piedmont in northern italy

nw

georgaphy of piedmont

mountains to north provide rain shadow, protecting from winds and rain.

climate of piedmont

moderate and continental, long cold winters and summers that can have hail, thunderstorms and fog

where can some moderating influence come from for piedmont

river po in south and lake maggiore in north

what is piedmont known for and what does this provide

foothills ranging from 150-600m which provide aspects and altitudes for viticulture

3 red grapes associated with piedmont

barolo, nebbiolo and dolcetto

2 white grapes associated with piedmont

cortese, moscato (muscat)

where are most famous piedmont wine regions located

south of turin around town of asti and alba

two most prestigious appellations in piedmont

barolo and barbaresco

geography of barolo

horseshoe shaped spanning several villages all with steep sides 300-500m and south facing

what must barolo be made entirely from

nebbiolo

style of nebiollo

high acidity and tannin but little colour

does nebiollo ripen fast or slow and why

slow due to high altitude

3 perfume aromas of nebiollo

sour cherries, herbs and dried flowers

example of individual village grown barolo

barolo serralunga d’alba

example of cru barolo

barolo cannubi docg

label of genetic dolcetto and barbera

Alba DOC

ageing requirements for barolo docg

aged for 3 years before release of which 18 months must be in oak

improvements in vineyard management mean what

genteler methods of extraction so smoother riper tannins and producers can now choose to mature for shorter periods of time