APGOV unit 5 review - political participation

PACS

donate directly to candidates

super PACS

raise unlimited funds but can’t coordinate w/candidates

2 party system

2 major parties dominate elections

democrats republicanism

linkage institutions

connects people to gov - media elections political parties

proportional rep system

seats awarded based on vote %

social movement

large, grassroots effort for political or social change

single member plurality system

one winner per district

most votes win

even w/o majority

franchise

the right to vote

3rd party

minor political party challenging the 2 party system

24th amendment

bans poll taxes in voting

26th amendment

lowers voting age to 18

political efficacy

belief that one’s vote matters

political mobilization

efforts to encourage political participation

absentee ballots

voting by mail when can’t vote in person

4 types of voting

rational

retrospective

prospective

party line

rational

citizens best intent

retrospective

past decisions

prospective

future

party line

party beliefs

electoral college

system for electing president using state electors

winner take all system

candidate w/most votes gets all electoral votes

state

battleground

competitive

swing state

can go either dem or rep

GOTV

efforts to increase voter turnout

straight ticket voting

one party

split ticket voting

different party

party coalition

groups supporting a political party

realignment

shift in party support creating a new political era

party era

period of dominance by one party

era of divided gov

diff party control presidency & congress

one sc and one pres

primary election

voters choose party cand

open primary

any voter can participate

closed primary

only registered party members

caucus

party members meet to select candidates

super delegate

dem party leaders who can vote freely at conventions

national convention

party gathering to nominate candidate and set platforms

interest groups

voluntary - come together

goal of getting policies they favor enacted

pluralist theory

no single group can grow too powerful

pol power distributed el

elitist theory

wealthy

disproportionate amount economic power

claim control policy agenda

set of issues policymakers are paying attention to

policy agenda

set of issues policymakers are paying attention

collective action

when individuals come together to contribute energy time or money to a larger group goal

collective good

public good

public benefit such as strong national defense or clean air

free riders

people who benefit from actions of an IG w/o voting

selective benefits

overcoming free rider problem

only those who join or contribute to the group e

economic IG’s

advocate on behalf of the financial interest of their members

public IG’s

act on behalf of the collective interests of a broad group of individuals not just their members

singles issue groups

focus on one specific area of public policy

gov IG’s

act on behalf of state regional local or even foreign gov

lobbying

efforts to shape policy in all 3 branches

lobbying (leg)

influence how leg is written in congress

lobbying (exec)

how laws are implemented by bureaucracy

lobbying (judicial)

how laws are interpreted by the courts

revolving door

movement of individuals between positions in gov & lobbying positions

grassroots lobbying

mobilize members to pressure elected reps directly through phonically emails social media

don’t have lots of money

protest

public demonstration designed to call attention to the issue

civil disobedience

breaking a law peacefully to call attention to injustice

news media

broad

newspaper mag radio tv internet blogs social media posting that cover important events

social media

electronic communication enables users to create share content or connect through social networking

agenda setting

highlight which issues are worthy of coverage

worthy of publics attention

mass media

designed to reach large audience

newspaper tv radio broadcast internet content

wire service

an org that gathers the news and offers it for sale to other media outlets i

investigative jounalism

journalist act as detectives and dig into stories rather than conveying the speeches and opinion of political leaders

broadcast media

brings political news to citizens directly and immediately into people homes

media consolidation

concentration of ownership of the media in fewer corporations

partisan bias

aka polarization

favoring one political party over the other

we r

vote one way bc they strongly dislike the other side

horse race journalism

who is wining rather than the differences between candidates