HDEV 327

Bidirectional effects

In relations between parents and children, the concept that children not only are affected by their parents but affect their parents in return.

Cliques

small groups of friends who know each other well, do things together, and form a regular social group

Controversial adolescents

Adolescents who are aggressive but who also possess social skills, so that they evoke strong emotions both positive and negative from their peers.

Selective association

The principle that most people tend to choose friends who are similar to themselves

Differential parenting

When parents’ behavior differs toward siblings within the same family.

Gender intensification hypothesis

Hypothesis that psychological and behavioral differences between boys and girls become more pronounced at adolescence because of intensified socialization pressures to conform to culturally prescribed gender roles.

Neglected adolescents

Adolescents who have few or no friends and are largely unnoticed by their peers.

Rejected adolescents

actively disliked by their peers, usually because others find them to be excessively aggressive, disruptive, and quarrelsome

Relational aggression

A form of nonphysical aggression that harms others by damaging their relationships, for example by excluding them socially or spreading rumors about them.

Self-socialization

the way that children seek to maintain consistency between the norms they have learned about gender and their behavior

Bidirectional effects

At 16 years old, a teenage boy is considered a troubled teen. In class he always disrupts lectures and constantly starts fights with his peers. When his father hears of this he simply talks to his son and verbally abuses him instead of trying to hear him out. This type of treatment from his father causes the teenage boy to act more because he feels misunderstood. Teachers start considering the boy’s father is an irresponsible parent since his son continues to lash out after multiple times of contacting him.

Cliques

Michael has a small friend group that he's known since they were in elementary. Now in high school, the small group of boys are known to be with each other during lunch and after school. They’re even considered a good soccer trio since they're in the team and always practice together during the weekend.

Controversial adolescents

Even if Lana is a freshman in high school, she was quickly known to be a popular mean girl. She has a big group of friends who follow her around because of her quick thinking and appearance style. She likes talking to her friends and other peers about makeup, gossip, and new drama she's found about. Yet some students dislike her for her constant attitude towards others, bullying other girls her age, and her belief she's the best looking girl.

Selective association

A teenage boy decides to spend most of his time with a group of boys from his soccer team. He realizes not only do they share interest in their soccer, but also video games and movies. He eventually considers these guys as his closest friends.

Differential parenting

Mia and Michael are 15 year old twins. Michael constantly receives more attention and resources from their mother. Their mother always checks up on him, makes sure to prepare his lunch, takes him everywhere, and rewards his achievements. When it comes to Mia, their mother rarely acknowledges her achievements. Her mother never gives her rides when she asks and tells Mia to prepare her own meals. Mia feels some resentment towards her brother and begins to have lower self-esteem.

Gender intensification hypothesis

A teenager boy’s parents are upset with him for his preference of long hair. In their culture it's considered unmanly for a male to appear long. Even his peers called him girly. So he's pressured into cutting his hair to avoid teasing. This shows how adolescent males are pressured into stereotypically masculine behavior.

Neglected adolescents

In high school, Evan is considered a nobody because he only has a few friends and his peers don’t seem to care about him. Evan isn’t a trouble maker or a popular student, he simply goes to class and keeps to himself.

Rejected adolescents

Jacob is the most disliked bully in his high school grade year. He's known to disrupt class, harass students, start fights, and is always getting suspended. Many students actively avoid him and some are even scared of his aggressive nature.

Relational aggression

Lana is considered the top beauty of her high school. However recently there's been a new girl that students are quick to claim that she might beat Lana. Lana, not wanting to lose her position, decided to spread rumors of the new girl by claiming the new girl was expelled from her old high school for physically beating up another student. Suddenly students start to exclude the new girl from events and even start to dislike her. The new girl’s reputation has been ruined while Lana secures her status and popularity.

Self-socialization

A teenage boy stops himself from crying because he remembers that boys don't cry. His family taught him this by constantly telling to not cry and to be serious. So the boy decides to stop crying and hide his emotions. This is self socialization since the boy was trying to maintain the behavior that men don't cry and consist with the gender norm.