Micro Chp 1.

Microbiology

The study of living things too small to be seen without a microscope, including viruses, fungi, and bacteria.

Aseptic technique

A procedure that prevents contamination.

Biogenesis

The principle that living things come from other living things.

Theory of Spontaneous Generation

A hypothesis proposed by Aristotle that organisms can arise from nonliving material, which was later disproved.

D. Redi

Conducted a meat and flies experiment demonstrating that maggots do not arise from decaying meat.

E. Pasteur

Developed the rabies vaccine and demonstrated that microbes can be destroyed or blocked.

G. Tyndall

Discovered that some microbes can exist in two forms: one killed by heat and the other resistant to heat.

H. Cohn

Discovered endospores, a heat-resistant form of bacteria.

Virchow

Proposed that all cells come from pre-existing cells and first recognized leukemia cells.

J. Lister

Developed an antiseptic technique using phenol to kill microbes.

K. Jenner

Pioneered vaccines for smallpox, contributing to the development of immunology.

L. Alexander Fleming

Discovered penicillin, the first true antibiotic.

M. Koch

Determined that specific microbes cause specific diseases.

The first step of the scientific method where a researcher makes an observation and poses a question.

Observation/Question

An educated guess that is testable within the scientific method.

Hypothesis

Group in an experiment that receives no treatment but is as similar as possible to the experimental group.

Control group

Normal microbiota

Beneficial bacteria that live on the body and support the immune system.

Human microbiome project

A project focusing on the DNA sequencing of the microbes in the human body.

Pathogen

A disease-causing microbe.

Prokaryotes

Cells that lack a nucleus, such as bacteria.

Eukaryotes

Cells that contain a nucleus, such as animal and fungal cells.

3 domains of living organisms

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Binomial nomenclature

The system of naming species that uses two terms: the genus name and the species name.

Bacillus

Rod-shaped bacteria.

Cocci

Round-shaped bacteria.

Vibrio

Curve-shaped bacteria.

Spirillum

Spiral-shaped bacteria.

Diphtheroids

Bacteria occurring in pairs.

Strepto

Bacteria that occur in chains.

Staphylo

Bacteria that occur in clusters.

Sarcina

Bacteria that occur in packets of four or eight.

Species

The most specific category that represents individual organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.