Digestive System Test

Parts of the digestive system

The various components that make up the digestive system.

Function of each part of the digestive system

The specific roles that each component of the digestive system plays in digestion.

Path food follows in the body

The sequence of organs and processes that food undergoes from ingestion to excretion.

Common diseases of the digestive system

Health issues that affect the digestive system, impacting its function.

Digestive system

Is a series of hollow organs joined in a long twisting tube from mouth to anus

Digestion

The process of breaking down food in the body into a form which can be absorbed and used or excreted

Nutrients

Substances necessary for life and growth

Mouth

Is the point of entry for food into the digestive system

Mastication

The first step in mechanical digestion

Saliva

Is secreted from the salivary glands and functions to moisten food, making it easier to chew

Amylase

Enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of starch into smaller carbohydrate molecules

Lysozyme

Enzyme that breaks down the polysaccharide walls of many kinds of bacteria thus providing protection against infection

Teeth

Break down larger particles of food into smaller pieces through mechanical digestion

Incisors

Used for cutting food

Canines

Used for cutting and tearing food

Premolars

Used for grinding food

Molars

Used for grinding food

Pharynx

Is a common pathway for food and air

Esophagus

Is a muscular tube connecting the pharynx with the stomach

Peristalsis

The process that moves food from the pharynx to the stomach with wave like contractions

Stomach

Is a J-shaped hollow muscular organ involved in the beginning steps of 'true digestion'

Gastric Juices

Highly acidic environment in the stomach that includes mucus and hydrochloric acid

Pancreas

Produces hormones which regulate blood sugars and creates enzymes which aid in the breakdown of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins

Liver

Is the 'center of metabolic activity' in the body and produces bile

Gallbladder

Stores bile until the body needs it for digestion

Small Intestine

Is the main site of chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients

Duodenum

Is the shortest part of the small intestine where most chemical digestion takes place

Jejunum

Absorbs carbohydrates and proteins and is covered in villi

Ileum

Is the longest portion of the small intestine and absorbs lipids and bile salts

Large Intestine

Removes water from the chyme and houses many bacteria

Appendix

Is a tubular organ connected to the large intestine and is considered the vestigial survival of a former digestive process

Cecum

Is a pouch connected to the ascending colon of the large intestine and the ileum

Colon

Is the largest portion of the large intestine that extracts water from feces

Rectum

Is the final straight portion of the large intestine and acts as a temporary storage facility for feces

Anus

Is the external opening of the rectum controlled by sphincter muscles

Appendicitis

Is an inflammation of the appendix due to a blockage in the appendix

Cirrhosis

Is scarring of the liver that can be caused by chronic alcoholism and hepatitis

Colorectal Cancer

Is also called colon cancer or bowel cancer and includes cancerous growths in the colon, rectum and appendix

Gallstones

Are crystalline bodies formed by normal or abnormal bile components

Hepatitis

Is an inflammation of the liver

Obesity

Is a condition in which the natural energy reserve, stored in the fatty tissue of humans, is increased to a point where it is associated with certain health conditions

Peptic Ulcers

Are areas of the gastrointestinal tract which are acidic and are associated with Helicobacter pylori

Chemical Digestion

Enzymes mix with food

Bolus

Chewed food Mixed with saliva

Deglutition

Process of swallowing food

Chyme

Substance created when the bolus is mixed with gastric juices

Salivary glands

Exocrine gland that produces and secrete saliva

Parotid glads

Located in front of ears

Submandibular glands

Under the jaw

Sublingual glands

Under the tongue

Ascending Colon

First part of the colon absorbs water

Transverse and descending colon

Stores feces until defecation

Mucosa

Absorption and secretion. Epithelium lamina propria. Muscularis Mucosa.

Submucosa

Connection tissue that supports the mucosa connected to the muscularis.

Mucularis

Smooth muscle that stretches when filled.

Serosa

Outer layer, lubricates the organs.

Cardia

Top part meet with esophagus

Fundus

Gas generated fits initial amount of food

Antrum

Longest Part connect to pylorus

Pylorus

Entryway into small intestines

Rugae

folds that expand

Bile

Emulsification of fat

Bicarbonate

Neutralizes Chyme

Amylase

Break → Starches → Sugar molecules

What are some healthy bacteria that live in the large intestines?

E Coli, Bifidobacteria and Lactic Acid

Sigmoid colon

Store feces until expulsion

Colostomy

Surgical procedure to creates an opening for the colon

Ileostomy

Surgical procedure the creates an opening for the small intestine

Colectomy

Surgical procedure that removes part of the colon

Cholecystectomy

Gallbladder removal

Cholelithiasis

Presence of the gallstones

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the galbladder

Appendicitis

Inflammation of the appendix

Appendectomy

Removal the appendix

Peritonitis

Redness and swelling of the belly

Jaundice

Yellow discoloration of the skin and build up of the blood

Ascites

Excess fluid in abdomen

IBS

Intestinal disorder causing pain in the belly, gas, diarrhea, and constipation

Crohn

happens in GI tract, has watery stools and not related to cancer

Ulcerative colitis

happens in the colon, bloody stools, and related for cancer.

GERD

Stomach acid moves up the esophagus

Diverticulitis

Gastrointestinal disease that occurs when pouches become inflamed or infected