Chapter 2: Cell and tissue characteristics

what is protoplasm composed of

what is protoplasm composed of

water, proteins, lipids, carbs, electrolytes

What is the nucleus

largest and most visible organelle in the cell

What does the nucleus carry in the eukaryotic cell

genetic material

what does cytoplasm include

the fluid and organelles outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane surrounding cell

what does cytoplasm contain

Water, electrolytes, proteins, fats, and carbs

what is the largest and most visible organelle in the cell

nucleus

what does the nucleus carry in eukaryotic cells

genetic information

what do lysosomes and proteasomes function as

the cell’s digestive system

cell membrane

lipid bilayer surrounding the cell and separating from its surrounding external environment

What does the cell membrane contain

receptors for hormones

What does the cell membrane regulate

cell growth and division

What are the 3 cell surface receptors

g-protein linked, enzyme-linked, and ion channel linked receptors

what is the purpose of G-protein-linked receptors?

Tells cell what actions are to be taken

what is the purpose of enzymes linked receptors

Hormones

What is the purpose of ion channel linked receptors

electrolytes

synaptic

electrical

autocrine

changes to self

endocrine

hormones

paracrine

changes outside the body

When you see ‘ion’ what should you think?

Electrical

What type of hormone is a ligand

Thyroid/ steroid

What are cell surface receptors?

hormones that connect to the cell

What is the intravascular made up of?

arteries and veins

What are the two components that the brain needs to live?

Oxygen and glucose

first messenger cell receptors

neurotransmitters, hormones, growth factors, steroids, and chemical messengers

second messengers cell receptors

intracellular mechanisms, protein lechases

How many pathways forms ATP

three

glycotic pathway

anaerobic energy metabolism glycolysis

does the glycolytic pathway require oxygen

no

how many ATP molecules does the glycolytic pathway produce

2

Citric acid cycle

aerobic energy metabolism

does the citric acid cycle require oxygen

yes

how many atp molecules does the citric acid cycle result in

34-36

what does the citric acid cycle also make

water and co2

What does water follow in the body?

sodium

How do you measure membrane potentials?

EKG

what are the four types of tissues

epithelial connective muscle and neural

what filaments does muscle tissue contain

actin and myosin

What are the three types of muscle tissue

cardiac smooth and skeletal

What does nervous tissue do

provide the means for controlling body function and sensing moving about the environment

what are the two types of cells

neurons and neurological cells