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what is protoplasm composed of
water, proteins, lipids, carbs, electrolytes
What is the nucleus
largest and most visible organelle in the cell
What does the nucleus carry in the eukaryotic cell
genetic material
what does cytoplasm include
the fluid and organelles outside the nucleus but within the cell membrane surrounding cell
what does cytoplasm contain
Water, electrolytes, proteins, fats, and carbs
what is the largest and most visible organelle in the cell
nucleus
what does the nucleus carry in eukaryotic cells
genetic information
what do lysosomes and proteasomes function as
the cell’s digestive system
cell membrane
lipid bilayer surrounding the cell and separating from its surrounding external environment
What does the cell membrane contain
receptors for hormones
What does the cell membrane regulate
cell growth and division
What are the 3 cell surface receptors
g-protein linked, enzyme-linked, and ion channel linked receptors
what is the purpose of G-protein-linked receptors?
Tells cell what actions are to be taken
what is the purpose of enzymes linked receptors
Hormones
What is the purpose of ion channel linked receptors
electrolytes
synaptic
electrical
autocrine
changes to self
endocrine
hormones
paracrine
changes outside the body
When you see ‘ion’ what should you think?
Electrical
What type of hormone is a ligand
Thyroid/ steroid
What are cell surface receptors?
hormones that connect to the cell
What is the intravascular made up of?
arteries and veins
What are the two components that the brain needs to live?
Oxygen and glucose
first messenger cell receptors
neurotransmitters, hormones, growth factors, steroids, and chemical messengers
second messengers cell receptors
intracellular mechanisms, protein lechases
How many pathways forms ATP
three
glycotic pathway
anaerobic energy metabolism glycolysis
does the glycolytic pathway require oxygen
no
how many ATP molecules does the glycolytic pathway produce
2
Citric acid cycle
aerobic energy metabolism
does the citric acid cycle require oxygen
yes
how many atp molecules does the citric acid cycle result in
34-36
what does the citric acid cycle also make
water and co2
What does water follow in the body?
sodium
How do you measure membrane potentials?
EKG
what are the four types of tissues
epithelial connective muscle and neural
what filaments does muscle tissue contain
actin and myosin
What are the three types of muscle tissue
cardiac smooth and skeletal
What does nervous tissue do
provide the means for controlling body function and sensing moving about the environment
what are the two types of cells
neurons and neurological cells
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