History Second Industrial revolution study guide

Why did some countries catch up to England in terms of industrialization?

They had abundant natural resources, capital to invest in industry, and could learn from England's mistakes.

Why didn’t Russia industrialize?

Because they maintained feudalism.

What was the importance of the invention of steel?

It is lighter, stronger, more durable, and more flexible than iron.

What is the name of the method that made steel more effectively?

Bessemer Process.

What did Alfred Nobel invent?

Dynamite.

What did Thomas Edison invent?

The light bulb.

What are interchangeable parts?

Parts that can be easily replaced.

Why was the assembly line important?

It made complicated processes easy and quick.

What was Henry Ford’s most notable invention?

The assembly line.

What did the Wright Brothers create?

The first airplane.

What contributions did Samuel Morse make?

He made a telegraph cable.

What did Alexander Graham Bell invent?

The telephone.

Why are monopolies bad for capitalist economies?

They reduce competition and increase prices.

What is a cartel?

A group of large businesses that join forces to fix prices and control markets.

What did Louis Pasteur create?

Pasteurization and vaccines.

What is urban renewal?

The rebuilding of poor areas of a city.

Who is Louis Sullivan?

The architect who designed the first skyscrapers.

What was the biggest issue for society from the Industrial Revolution?

The gap between the rich and everyone else was getting wider.

What is the difference between the middle class and lower class ideal home?

Middle class women stayed home while lower class women worked to support the family.

What movement led to the women’s suffrage movement?

The Temperance movement.

When did women get the right to vote in the US?

1920.

What amendment in the US Constitution gave women the right to vote?

19th amendment.

What did John Dalton develop?

Modern atomic theory.

What did Dmitri Mendeleev create?

The rough draft for the periodic table.

What is the theory of natural selection?

States that all species must battle for survival, and only the best suited will survive.

Why was Darwinism problematic in the eyes of Christianity?

It contradicted the belief that the world was created in 6 days.

What is Social Darwinism?

Applying Darwin’s theory to countries, businesses, and races.

Why is Social Darwinism dangerous?

It can lead to racism and violence against weaker races.

What is the Social Gospel movement?

A movement that urged people to do social service.

What famous group comes out of the Social Gospel movement?

The Salvation Army.