Intro to Networking I - Final Exam

Different Network Sizes

Different Network Sizes

Small Home Networks
Small Office/Home Office Networks
Medium to Large Networks
World Wide Networks

What is a Communication Network?

The equipment (hardware & software) and facilities that provide the basic communication service. Virtually invisible to the user; Usually represented by a cloud.

Components of a Network

Devices
Medium
Services
Messages
Rules

Components of a Network: Devices

These are used to communicate with one another

Components of a Network: Medium

This is how the devices are connected together

Components of a Network: Services

The function or service offered through the network

Components of a Network: Messages

Information that travels over the medium

Components of a Network: Rules

Governs how messages flow across the network

End Devices/Hosts

Either the source or destination of a message

Intermediary Network Devices Functions:

Regenerate and Retransmit Data Signals
Maintain Information about Existing Pathways
Notify other devices of errors and communication failures
Direct data along alternative pathways when there is a link failure
Classify and direct messages according to priotities
Permit or deny the flow of data, based on security settings

Network Media

Provide the pathway for data transmission and Interconnect devices

Network Media Examples

Copper
Fiber Optic
Wireless

Advantages of Peer-To-Peer

Easy to set up
Less complexity
Lower cost since network devices and dedicated servers may not be required
Can be used for simple tasks such as transferring files and sharing printers

Disadvantages of Peer-To-Peer

No centralized administration
Not as secure
Not scalable
All devices may act as both clients and servers which can slow their performance

Networks of Many Sizes

Small home
Small Office/Home Office
Medium/Large
World Wide

Networks of Many Sizes: Small Home Networks

Connect a few computers to each other and the Internet

Networks of Many Sizes: Small Office/Home Office

Enables computer within a home or remote office to connect to a corporate network

Networks of Many Sizes: Medium to Large Networks

many locations with hundreds or thousands of interconnected computers

Networks of Many Sizes: World Wide Networks

connects hundreds of millions of computers world- wide – such as the internet

Types of Networks: Categorization (How do you categorize a Network?)

The Size of the area covered
Administration and Ownership of the Network
Number of Users
Number and Types of Services

Types of Networks: Most Common Networks

Local Area Network (LAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)

Types of Networks: Other Types

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wireless LAN (WLAN)
Storage Area Network (SAN)

Types of Networks: LAN

A network serving a home, building or campus (small geographic area)
is considered a Local Area Network (LAN) that is typically administrated by a single organization and is high speed

Types of Networks: WAN

LANs separated by geographic distance are connected by a network
known as a WAN. Typically administrated by one or more “service providers”

The Internet

LANs use WAN services to interconnect

Internet Exchange Points (IXP)

Small # of well-connected Large networks

Commercial ISPs

Tier-1, National & International Coverage

Supporting Network Architecture: 4 Requirements

Fault Tolerance
Scalability
Quality of Service (QoS)
Security

Content Provider Network

private network that connects it data centers to Internet, often bypassing tier-1, regional ISPs

Network Security

There are two main types of network security that must be
addressed:
•Network infrastructure security
•Physical security of network devices
•Preventing unauthorized access to the devices
•Information Security
•Protection of the information or data transmitted over the network

Three Goals of Network Security

Confidentiality – only intended recipients can read the data
Integrity – assurance that the data has not be altered with during transmission
Availability – assurance of timely and reliable access to data for authorized
users

New Trends

• Bring Your Own Device (BYOD)
• Online collaboration
• Video communications
• Cloud computing
• Pervasive Computing
• Software-Defined Networks

Cloud Computing

Software As A Service
Platform As A Service
Infrastructure As A Service

Pervasive (Ubiquitous) Networks

Ad-hoc Networks
Sensors
Body Area Networks
Smart Grid
Internet of Things (IoT)