History Second Industrial revolution study guide

Why did some countries catch up to England so quickly in terms of industrialization? (Sec 1) Abundant natural resources, capital to invest in industry, and they could follow England's lead and learn from England's mistakes

Why didn’t Russia industrialize? (Sec 1) Because they maintained feudalism

Why was the invention of steel important? (Sec 1) It is lighter, stronger, more durable, and more flexible than iron.

What was the name of the method that was used to make steel more effectively?(Sec 1) Bessemer Process

What did Alfred Nobel make? (Sec 1) Dynamite

What did Thomas Edison make? (Sec 1) The light bulb

What are interchangeable parts?(Sec 1) Parts that can be easily replaced

Why was the assembly line so important? (Sec 1) Complicated processes become easy and quick

What was Henry Ford’s most notable invention? (Sec 1) The assembly line

What did the Wright Brothers create?(Sec 1) The first airplane

What are Samuel Morse’s contributions? (Sec 1) He made a telegraph cable

What did Alexander Graham Bell create? (Sec 1) Telephone

Why are monopolies bad for capitalist economies? (Sec 1) Reduce competition and increase prices to whatever they want

What is a cartel? (Sec 1) A group of large business that join forces to fix prices and control markets

What did Louis Pasteur create? (all the things we talked about) (Sec 2) Pasteurization and vaccines

What is urban renewal? (Sec 2) The rebuilding of poor areas of a city

Who is Louis Sullivan? (Sec  2) The architect who designed the first skyscrapers

What was the biggest issue for society that came from the Industrial Revolution? (Sec 2) Gap between the rich and everyone else was getting wider and wider by day.

What was the difference between the middle class ideal home and the lower class ideal home? (Sec 3) Women worked in the lower class homes while the middle class women stayed at home and took care of the kids, the lower class women had to provide for the kids along with the dad, while in the middle class, women stayed home and took care of the kids, wit the dad being the sole provider.

What movement led to the women’s suffrage movement? (Sec 3) The Temperance movement

When did women get the right to vote in the US? (Sec 3) 1920

What amendment in the US Constitution gave women the right to vote? (Sec 3) 19th amendment

What did John Dalton develop? (Sec 3) Modern atomic theory

What did Dmitri Mendeleev create? (Sec 3) The rough draft for what would become the periodic table

What is the theory of natural selection? (Sec 3) States that all species have to battle for survival, and only those best suited will survive

Why was Darwinism problematic in the eyes of Christianity? (Sec 3) It said the the world wasn’t created in 6 days.

What is Social Darwinism? (Sec 3) Applying Darwin’s theory to countries, businesses, and races

Why is Social Darwinism so dangerous? (Sec 3) It can lead to racism and violence against weaker races.

What is the Social Gospel movement? (Sec 3) A movement that urged people to do social service

What famous group comes out of the Social Gospel movement? (Sec 3) The Salvation Army