BIOCHEM PART 6 (pentose phosphate pathway)

2 NADPH and Pentoses

2 NADPH and Pentoses

Pentose Phosphate Pathway Products

• Phosphogluconate Pathway

• Hexose Monophosphate Shunt

Pentose Phosphate Pathway is also known as

glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase

the enzyme that helps to catalyze:

Glucose-6-phosphate —> 6- phosphogluconolactone

Gluconolactonase

the enzyme that helps to catalyze:

6- phosphogluconolactone —> 6-phosphogluconate

6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase

the enzyme that helps to catalyze:

6-phosphogluconate —> ribulose 5 -phosphate

2 NADPH

Final product of oxidative stage of pentose phosphate pathway

Ribulose-5-phosphate Isomerase

the enzyme that helps to catalyze:

Ribulose-5-phosphate —> Ribose-5-phosphate

Ribose-5-phosphate

it is needed for the synthesis of RNA

Ribulose-5-phosphate- 3-Epimerase

the enzyme that helps to catalyze:

Ribulose-5-phosphate —> xylulose-5-phosphate

Transketolase

the enzyme that helps to condense:

xylulose-5-phosphate + Erythrose-4-phosphate —> glyceraldehyde -3- phosphate & Fructose 6- phosphate

Transketolase

the enzyme that helps to condense

Ribose-5-phosphate + xylulose-5-phosphate —>Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate & glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate

Transaldolase

the enzyme that helps to catalyze

Sedoheptulose-7-phosphate —>Erythrose-4-phosphate

Transaldolase

the enzyme that helps to catalyze:

glyceraldehyde-3- phosphate —> fructose 6 phosphate

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

if Ribose-5-phosphate can’t undergo RNA synthesis, it will condense with Xylulose-5-P to create other subtrates.

Non-Oxidative stage of PPP

Main function is to RECYCLE PRODUCTS

NADPH

it is important IN THE SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS and to keep our master antioxidant glutathione reduced

1. GLUTAMIC ACID

2. CYSTEINE

3. GLYCINE

The three amino acids in Glutathione

Glutathione

Tripeptide with a free -SH group (thus the abbreviation, GSH)

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

Reduced Glutathione helps in deactivating PEROXIDES, which can cause cellular damage.

disulfide bridge (GSSG)

When oxidized in detoxification of free radicals such as peroxides, the product is a dimeric form of the peptide, held together by a __

Hemolytic Anemia

• Deficiency of Glucose-6-P dehydrogenase causes a reduced level of available NADPH

• premature death of RBCs

• Denaturation and aggregation of hemoglobin leads to this type of anemia

lower levels of reduced glutathione

Lower levels of NADPH lead to ___

SH

__ group in hemoglobin is destabilized and causes it to denature and aggregate

reduced glutathione

antioxidant of RBC

Pamaquine, Fava Beans

Hemolytic anemia is worsened by the intake of drugs and food that are converted to peroxides, such as _____________(and other Quinine Derivatives) and __________ Beans

Cori Cycle

• Prevent the accumulation of LACTIC ACID/lactate

• Regenerate NAD for ATP synthesis

Glucose

Cori Cycle maintains adequate supply of ____________for tissues that cannot perform gluconeogenesis (such as the brain)

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE

in case of vigorous activities, Pyruvate is converted to Lactate

Fatigue & Muscle Pain

Too much Lactate in Muscle can cause

NADPH

Glutathione’s reducing agent