Practice Pomeroy Chapter 5

How did Peisistratus finally (in the third try) take power in Athens? 198

He hired mercenaries and took it by force

How did Solon deal with the ambitions of the newly-rich, non-elite families? 194

He divided political participation according to categories of wealth

How many generals were there in Athens at any given time? 206, 216

10

What Persian king ordered the First Persian Invasion? 213-217

Darius

What official under the Cleisthenic government was elected? 206

General (Stratēgos)

Who was the earliest known lawgiver in Athens? 191

Draco

What is a trireme? 222

A warship

What was an accomplishment of Solon? 192

He eliminated debt slavery.

What hero was given credit in myths for unifying the Athenian people under one government? 187

Theseus

The murder of the Olympic victor, Cylon, resulted an what family being cursed? 190-91

Alcmaeonids

How long did the archaic tyranny last at Athens? 201-202

Two generations

Judgment in what kind of court cases did Draco's laws take away from the family's decision and give to the government? 191

Homicide

What unusual thing did the Athenians decide to do during the Second Persian Invasion? 222

Evacuated their city

What Persian king led the Second Persian Invasion? 221-226

Xerxes

At the festival of what god did the genre of Greek tragedy originate? 201

Dionysus

What was the Athenian name for the quasi-official social group, bigger than a family but smaller than a tribe? 190

Phratry

What happened to someone who was ostracized? 220

He was exiled for 10 years, but retained his property and citizenship

Why did the Spartans drive the tyrant out of Athens? 202

The Oracle of Delphi told them to

What was the pool of prospective jurors called at Athens? 195

Heliaia

What became the most prestigious office in the Athenian government after the First Persian Invasion? 220

General

What was the one official under the Cleisthenic government who could hold the same office repeatedly? 206

General

When did the Ionians revolt from Persia? 209

499 BCE

Who were the Achaemenids? 207

First Persian Empire

What happened at the Battle of Thermopylae? 223-225

The Spartan force was slaughtered

What metal did Athens have in abundance from its own mines? 192

Silver

What was the smallest basic unit in Cleisthenes' citizen reforms? 205

Deme

What change did Solon make to the Athenian rules about crime and the judiciary? 195

Any citizen could bring an indictment, even if he was not wronged by the crime.

What important change took place in the Athenian government shortly after the First Persian Invasion? 219

Archons were chosen by lot

What was the purpose of Solon's laws concerning funerals? 196

To curb conspicuous displays of wealth

How did Pisistratus treat the poorer people of Athens? 200

He gave them employment in public works

What was the main focus of Peisistratus? 199

Strengthening the economy

How long did someone serve on the Areopagus? 190

Life

What was the name of the oldest council in Athens? 189

Areopagus

What did the Athenians spend their spare cash on in the period between the two Persian Invasions? 222

A fleet

What was the basis for Cleisthenes' new tribal divisions at Athens? 205

Random geographic allotment

Who were the chief magistrates at Athens? 188

Archons

When did Cleisthenes reform the Athenian government? xx

507 BCE

Under the leadership of Themistocles, what did the Athenians build in anticipation of the Persian invasion? 211

A fortified harbor at the Piraeus

What was the chief export of Athens 192

Olive oil

Where was the decisive land battle of the Second Persian Invasion? 225

Plataea

Why were the Ionian Greeks unhappy under Persia? 209

They were given high taxes and puppet-tyrants who acted badly.

What political role could the thetes play in Solon's government? 195

They could vote in the assembly.

Who were members of the Areopagus? 189

All former archons

What was the conflict that Solon was chosen to resolve? 192

An economic crisis between rich and poor

Who presided over Cleisthenes' new Council? 206

The representatives from each tribal presided for one-tenth of the year

What city commanded the Greeks who resisted the Second Persian Invasion? 222

Sparta

How is Peisistratus' rule often characterized? 198

As a law-abiding tyranny

What tyrant led the Ionian Revolt? 210

Aristagoras

What did the Athenians discover in Laurium in the period between the two Persian Invasions? 222

Silver

What did Solon create as a counterweight to the conservative Council of the Areopagus? 195

The Council of 400

What is a satrapy? 207

A Persian provence

What does the word thesmothetai mean? 189

Law-givers

What happened at the Battle of Salamis? 225-226

The Athenian Army Was Victorious

What was the chief function of the eponymous archon? 189

Preside over council and assembly

What was the Athenian assembly called? 195

Ekklesia

Where was the major battle of the First Persian Invasion? 215-218

Marathon

What city was sacked and depopulated during the First Persian Invasion? 215

Eretria

What was NOT a product that Athens had from its own territory in abundance? 192

Gold

What Greek general won the Battle of Marathon? 216-218

Miltiades

What was the name of the Athenian Council established by Cleisthenes? 205

The 500

Who defeated the Persians in the First Persian Invasion, nearly single-handedly? 217

Athenians

What was the chief import of Athens 192

Wheat

What political faction at Athens probably represented the craftsmen? 197

Men of the Coast

What was, in Herodotus' words, "the most simpleminded plot" that was ever successful with the Athenians? 197-98

Dressing up a large and beautiful woman as Athena

Into what units did Darius reorganize Persia? 209

Satrapies

The laws of Draco were famous for what? 191

Severity

What city led the Ionian Revolt? 209-210

Miletus

What was the action known as "the shaking off of the burdens"? 194

Cancellation of the debts owed by share-croppers

Who was the first tyrant at Athens? 197

Pisistratus

What was the chief function of the thesmothetai? 189

Judicial

What have people done who have "medized"? 225

Gone over to the Persian side

What two Greek cities from the homeland helped the Ionian Revolt? 211

Athens and Eretria

What league was formed in anticipation of the Second Persian Invasion? 222

Hellenic

What political faction at Athens probably represented the poor? 197

Men of the Hill

In what region is Athens located? 187

Attica

What is a metic? 194

A non-citizen resident in Athens

What two cities did Darius especially attack in the First Persian Invasion? 215

Athens and Eretria

Which was NOT one of the citizen divisions in Athens established by Solon? 194-95

Seamen

What was the power of the king in Persian society? 209

Absolute: he had power of life and death over all subjects.

Who led the Persians when they conquered the Empire of the Medes? 207

Cyrus

What was the chief function of the polemarch? 189

General

How were the members of Cleisthenes' council chosen? 205

Lot

What was the most important significance of Draco's laws? 191

They took more authority from the family and gave it to the state

Who were the thetes? 195

The poorest farmers and the landless

Why wouldn't the Spartans help the Ionians revolt from Persia? 210

The fighting would be too far from home

What Athenian class provided the majority of the sailors/rowers in the fleet? 195

Thetes

What was the Athenian Acropolis? 187

A step hill in the center of the city

What was the first thing the Ionians did as part of their revolt? 210

Overthrew their tyrants

What part of the Greek world came under the control of the Persians in the 6th century BCE? 207-208

Ionia

What was Cleisthenes' motivation for reforming the Athenian state? 205

To end the rivalries between the wealthy families who wanted power

Roughly how big was Attica? 187

1000 square miles

What kind of government did Persia have? 207

Hereditary monarchy

Where was the final sea battle of the Second Persian Invasion? 226

Mycale

What Greek city was burned to the ground at the end of the Ionian Revolt? 211

Miletus

What was the chief function of the archon basileus? 189

Priest and judge

What was the Lydian king Croesus famous for? 207

His wealth

What was the fate of the general who was victorious at Marathon? 218

He was impeached by the Athenian assembly for a subsequent failure

When did the Persians invade Greece for the first time? 215

490 BCE

What happened in Athens immediately after the tyrant was expelled? 205

700 families were expelled

What political faction supported Peisistratus? 197

Men of the Hill