histology- cardiovascular system

arterial system

capillary system

venous system

the heart

what are the 4 parts of a CV system?

lymphatic capillaries

small and medium sized lymphatic vessels

big lymphatic vessels and collecting ducts

the lymphatic vascular system is made up of...

tunica intima

tunica media

tunica adventitia

what are the 3 main layers of the vessels?

tunica intima

which is the most internal layer of the vessel called?

external

tunica adventitia is the most _____ layer of the vessel

tunica intima

which layer of the vessel is in direct contact with the blood?

endothelium

connective tissue

internal elastic lamina

what is in the tunica intima layer?

simple squamous epithelium

the endothelium in the tunica intima is usually which morphology?

smooth muscle

connective tissue

external elastic membrane

the tunica media is made up of...

elastic arteries

muscular arteries

arterioles

what are the 3 types of arteries in the arterial system?

elastic artery

which is the biggest type of artery- elastic, muscular, arteriole?

elastic

the aorta is an example of a ________ artery

to control the high pressure blood that they are receiving

why do elastic arteries need elasticity?

contract

when the heart dilates, what do the elastic arteries do?

dilate

the elastic arteries ______ when the heart contracts

continuous

do the elastic arteries face a continuous or intermittent blood flow?

it has fenestrated sheaths of elastic fibers

what is unique about the tunica media of elastic arteries?

media

in elastic arteries, which layer is this thickest- intima, media, adventitia?

lots of collagenous tissue

what type of tissue is found in the tunica intima?

controlling of high pressure blood by distending and recoiling

the very thick elastic layer in elastic arteries is for...

distend

when in systole, do the elastic arteries distend or recoil?

recoil

when in diastole, do the elastic arteries distend or recoil?

elastic

what type of artery is this- elastic, muscular, or arteriole?

2

where is the tunica intima?

tunica media

what is 1?

elastic membranes

what structures are at 3?

smooth muscle cells

what cells make up the tunica media at 5?

4

where is the tunica adventitia?

elastic

what type of artery is this- elastic, muscular, or arteriole?

muscular

which type of artery is the main limb artery- elastic, muscular, or arteriole?

thin, fenestrated internal elastic lamina (very thin)

describe the tunica intima in muscular arteries

no

does the tunica media of the muscular arteries have elastic?

smooth muscle

the tunica media of the muscular arteries is mainly composed of....

left

no fenestrated elastic fibers in tunica media

which is a muscular artery? why?

muscular

very thin tunica intima

no elastic fibers in tunica media

what type of artery is this?

endothelium

what does 1 point to?

3

where is the tunica media?

internal elastic lamina

what is 2?

tunica adventitia

what is 4?

muscular

what type of artery?

muscular

which has a thinner tunica intima- elastic or muscular artery?

muscular

which has a tunica media made only of smooth muscle- elastic or muscular artery?

arteriole

which is the smaller type of artery?

arteriole

which type of artery has the thinnest layers?

only endothelium

describe the tunica intima of an arteriole

composed of only 2-5 muscle layers

the tunica media of an arteriole is_____

no

does an arteriole have internal or external elastic laminas?

is not differentiated from surrounding connective tissue

describe the tunica adventitia of an arteriole

arteriole

what type of artery is this?

arteriole

thin layers

only endothelium in tunica intima

only a few layers of smooth muscle

what type of artery is this? why?

endothelium

what is 1?

tunica media

what is 2?

thin

are the capillaries thick or thin?

no

do capillaries have muscle?

pericytes (cells that compress the vessel, making small contractions)

what do capillaries have instead of muscle?

communicate arterial and venous circulation

what is the function of capillaries?

ONLY tunica intima

describe the layers of a capillary

only 1-4 very flat cells (squamous)

what is the endothelium of a capillary like?

capillary

only a few flat endothelium cells

no tunica media or adventitia

what is this vessel? why?

continuous

fenestrated

sinusoidal

what are the 3 types of capillaries?

fenestrated

what type of capillary is this?

sinusoidal

what type of capillary?

continuous

what type of capillary?

to not let many substances through the walls

what is the function of a continuous capillary?

brain, muscle, skin, thymus, lungs, etc

where can you find continuous capillaries?

complete endothelium

describe the appearance of a continuous capillary

with pores/fenestrae

continuous basal lamina

what is a fenestrated capillary like?

pancreas, endocrine glands, intestines, kidney, glomerulus

where can you find fenestrated capillaries?

allows permeability of small substances

why does the endothelium of fenestrated capillaries have pores?

sinusoidal capillaries

which capillary has endothelium with very large gaps?

passage of cells

what are sinusoidal capillaries for?

discontinuous

what is the basal lamina of a sinusoidal capillary like?

liver, spleen, bone marrow, lymph nodes

where do we find sinusoidal capillaries?

continuous

what type of capillary?

continuous

is the basal lamina in a continuous capillary continuous or discontinuous?

fenestrated

what type of capillary?

sinusoidal

what type of capillary?

sinusoidal

cells can pass easily through the walls of which type of capillary?

venules

what type of venous vessel is similar to capillaries?

post capillary venules

what is the name for the venules right after capillaries?

muscular venules

as they widen, venules become ______

in post capillary venules

where does diapedesis occur?

the migration of blood cells into tissues

what is diapedesis?

diapedesis, in the post-capillary venules

what is this process called? where does it occur?

veins

which, arteries or veins, have valves?

because veins have low pressure blood, which increases the possibility of backflow- valves are necessary to prevent this. arteries do not need valves because the blood is very high pressure, so has a lower risk of flowing backwards

why do veins have valves and not arteries?

collagen and muscle (not much)

what does the tunica media consist of in veins?

veins

which is thinner, arteries or veins?

veins

which has a wider lumen, arteries or veins?

veins

which, arteries or veins, has an irregular shape?

artery-left

vein- right

which is an artery? which is a vein?

artery

what is this vessel?

vein

what is this vessel?

arteriole

what is this vessel?

venule

what is this vessel?

1- artery

2- vein

which is an artery and which is a vein?

1- artery

2- vein

which is an artery and which is a vein?

3

how many muscular layers does the heart have?

endocardium

myocardium

epicardium (and pericardium)

what are the 3 layers of the heart?

endocardium

which heart layer is most internal?