I genuinely hate this class

Sociology follows the imperial model, what is the imperial model?

The application of the scientific method

Karl Marx’s big quote

All societies are characterized by social inequalities

An economist that had ideas central to conflict theory and analyzed social classes

Karl Marx

Karl Marx believed that there are 2 social classes determined by heir relationship to the means of production, what were they?

the bourgeoisie and the proletariat

The bourgeoisie v. the proletariat

Owning the means of production v. having to sell labor to live

Capital

Income producing property

Labor

The source of all value

Profit (motivation of capitalists)

Exploited success of valued labor

Marx believed that the only way to be happy was to what

Have contact with the products your labor produces

What is social change driven by according to Marx

The struggle between groups with different economic interests, it is internally initiated and inevitable

Give an example of stays quo (existing set of power relations

The Republican Party being in control of the government

What was Marx’s dialectic trying to point out

Social change will be with us forever bc ppl will always oppose the status quo

Why was Marx’s analysis criticized

It was unidimensional and only considered the material inequality

Who is the father is sociology?

Emilie Durkheim

Durkheim’s first socia fact

Culturally specific, extant conditions either serve to enhance or inhibit ur ability to realize your potential

Durkheim’s second social fact

External conditions shape our identity and world view, it’s out of our control

Describe durkhiem’s suicide experiment

Studied death certificates to get an idea of their social cohesion

Name the groups in order that are most likely to commit suicide according to Durkheim

Areligious, Protestant, catholic, Jewish

The more you isolate yourself from others, the more likely you will commit suicide, meaning that…

Social cohesion is inversely related to suicide

First guy to be credited with conducing an imperial study

Durkheim

The division of labor in our modern society (the glue that holds us together according to Durkheim)

Mechanical solidarity, organic solidarity, social strain, and anomie

What is mechanical solidarity (caused by the hedging of the RC church, we no longer have this)

collective consciousness broken down by the division of labor

What is organic solidarity

economic independence necessitated by the extreme division of labor. Ppl are reliant on ppl they don’t know to survive

What’s social strain

tension we feel bc of wanting to be materially successful v having the means to be

What is anomie

When normal social control breaks down and deviance becomes commonplace bc of social strain

what happens to the bonds between the individual and the community when a anomie happens?

Breaks down bonds bc society doesn’t provide a moral guideline anymore

What’s herbert Spencer’s organic analogy?

Competing societies to organisms, in how a separate number of large institutions work together for survival

Spencer’s theory of general evolution (later became social Darwinism )

Says social inequality is merely a reflection of natural evolutionary phenomena

The first premise that Spencer’s theory of general evolution is based on

Each human is differently evolved, how powerful you are depends on how evolved you are

The second premise that Spencer’s theory of general evolution is based on

Women are less evolved bc during the embryonic stage, men evolved more than women

The third premise that Spencer’s theory of general evolution is based on

Different races can be more or less evolved

The fourth premise that Spencer’s theory of general evolution is based on

The wealthy/powerful are more evolved, and the rush shouldn’t try to help the needy bc they will always be poor

What did Spencer’s theory serve as justification for?

Racism, sexism, and classism

Coined the term sociology

Auguste Comte

What is positivism (Comte)

The belief that the world can only accurately be defined through science

What are the 3 stages defined by the law of 3 stages in positivism

Theological, metaphysical and rational (positive) stages

What is the theological stage

Explains human conditions were based on the supernatural/religion

What is the metaphysical stage

Explanations were asked in abstract philosophical speculations (palm reading)

What is the rational stage

When the public is formatted by facts, using the imperial model

Auguste Comte was known as

The pope of sociology

Published a critique of the Catholic Church saying god picks who goes to heaven before hand

John Calvin

What is Calvin’s formula for finding out if you’re going to heaven? (Being an elect)

Work heard, be productive, and live a clean life to become prosperous and have go smile on your life

First time a religion become a reason to seek wealth

Calvinism

What became of Calvinism in this time?

People moved to the city seeking prosperity, but when they couldn’t find a job and couldn’t afford anything, most turned to crime

Facilitated the reemergence of secular literature

Gutenbergs printing press

Started the beginning of modern capitalism

Martin Luther breaking away from the Catholic Church and starting Lutheranism

Mode of production

How things are made

What was the mode of production in the Middle Ages

Cottage energy production (everything was made in the home)

To be a good catholic back then, what must you believe in

The doctrine of works, sin, and heaven/hell

Doctrine of works

Personal salvation is self determined

What is a paradigm

Overarching set of ideas abt how something was organized, in wish we can service theory

The 3 paradigms of sociology

Structural functionalism, conflict theory, symbolic interactionism

The idea that institutions are organized differently and highly specialized to achieve different goals of society but are all interdependent of eachother

Structural functionalism

Interested in Social inequality, specifically how social classes have different economic interests, this keeps driving change forward

Conflict theory

Concerned with the idea of one’s self as a social product. You gain yourself through interactions with other people and the environment

Symbolic internationalism (Social psych)

Tabula rasa

A blank slate

The application of the scientific method to the study of social relations

Sociology

What did Greeks contribute to modern society?

Great philosophies, math, art, athletics, and most importantly invented the concept of democracy

What did the Roman’s contribute to modern society

Roads, sewage systems, aqueducts, and a domineering economy

Started the medieval period

Constantine legalizing Christianity and converting

Made pantheism illegal and destroyed pagan temples in Rome

Theodosius

Achieved v. Ascribed status

Status due to ur own efforts v. Status placed on you at birth

max webers social inequality has 3 dimensions, what are they

Material inequality (some have more than others), class status (how well a person is respected), party (how influential they are)

What is the socioeconomic status (SES) according to Weber

A combined measure of education, occupation, and income used to determine social class location

What was the SES used for?

Weber put tg the first social class system of America

Bureaucracy (self perpetuating)

Application of rational principals and procedures to organize in order to increase efficiency

Unsuccessfully tried to create a grand theory to explain how institutions at all levels function, instead gave us structural functionalism

talcott parsons